初中酸碱盐知识,英汉对照讲解.ppt

Acid Base Salt 酸 碱 盐 pH indicator 酸碱指示剂： 能和酸或是碱的溶液起反应而显示不同颜色的物质，就是酸碱指示剂，通常也简称指示剂。 PH indicator：A pH indicator is a compound that changes color in solution over a narrow range of pH values. Also Known As: acid-base indicator Examples: litmus and phenolphthalein 石蕊试液在酸性溶液中显示红色，在中性溶液中显示紫色，在碱性溶液中显蓝色 酚酞试液在酸性或中性溶液中为无色，在碱行溶液中显红色。 pH indicator pH7 Acidic basic phenolphthalein colorless colorless red litmus purple red blue [pH: 酸碱度的表示法]:溶液的酸碱度常用pH来表示，pH的范围通常在0-14之间。pH=7时，溶液呈中性。pH7时，溶液呈酸性。pH7时，溶液呈碱性。 [pH: the measurement of acidity and basicity (Alkalinity)]：Acidity and basicity of solutions are often express in pH values that range from 0 to 14. when pH=7, a solution is neutral. When pH7, a solution is acidic. When pH7, a solution is basic. 常见的酸： 盐酸HCl、 硫酸H?SO?、 硝酸HNO? 磷酸H3PO4、 碳酸H?CO? 酸的分类：根据酸分子中是否很有氧原子，分为含氧酸和无氧酸； 根据酸分子电离时所能形成的氢离子的个数，分为一元酸，二 元酸和三元酸等 Classification of acids: Acids can be put into two groups of oxoacids and binary acids according to whether an acid molecule has an oxygen atom or not. Acids can be grouped as monoacids, diacids and triacids according to whether it has 1,2 and 3 hydrogen ions after ionization of an acid molecule. Hydrochloric acid Nitric acid Phosphoric acid Sulfuric acid Carbonic acid Acids Chemical properties of HCl and H?SO? HCl H?SO? pH indicator Litmus: Red Phenolphthalein: colorless Litmus: Red Phenolphthalein: colorless Metal Zn+2HCl=ZnCl2+H2↑ 2Al + 6HCl == 2AlCl3 + 3H2↑ Zn+H2SO4==ZnSO4+H2↑ Fe+H2SO4=FeSO4+ H2↑ Basic oxide Fe2O3+6HCl==2FeCl3+3H2O CuO+2HCI=CuCl2+H2O CuO+H2SO4=CuSO4+H2O MgO+H2SO4===MgSO4+H2O Bases NaOH + HCl = NaCl + H2O Cu(OH)2+2HCl=CuCl2+2H2O 2NaOH +H2SO4=Na2SO4+2H2O Ba(OH)2+H2SO4=BaSO4↓+2H2O Salts AgNO3+HCl=AgCl↓+HNO3 Na2CO3+2HCl=2NaCl+H2O+CO2↑ CaCl2+H2SO4=CaSO4↓+2HCl Na2CO3+H2SO4=Na2SO4+CO2↑+H2O K: potassium -OH: Hydroxide Ca: calcium -SO4: Sulfate Na: sodium -PO4: Phosphate Mg: magnesium -CO3: Carbonate Al: aluminum -NO3: Nitrate Zn: