新gre作文十大论证方法.docxVIP

更多GRE考试培训资料请访问：/gre/ 查看 新gre作文十大论证技巧 gre考试改革后，新gre作文题目更加具体，考察考生时是否能够融合评判性思维和分析写作能力，每个人的新gre作文论述观点各不相同。下面是十大论证技巧介绍： 一、演绎推理论证法 将一个具体的事例运用到一个一般性原则从而得出结论。 论点：Demand for this product wii go up。 论据：The price of the product is sliding. 推理依据：Whenever prices of a product go down , demand for it rises. (说明：由论据“the price of the product is sliding ”推出论点“Demand for this product will go up”,这个过程是否有效取决于推理依据“whenever prices of a product go down , demand for it rises”是否成立。下面每一种论证方法都是如此) 二、定义法 界定一个概念的关键内涵;或者认定某个事物符合某个定义，从而得出结论。例如： 论点：Radical feminists are not good citizens. 论据：Radical feminists lack family values. 推理依据：Family values characterize the good citizes. 三、因果关系论证法 将一个判断放入一个因果关系中，指出它或者是原因，或者是结果。例如： 论点：The internet may be causing depression. 论据：When a group of people increased their use of the Internet , they felt depressed. 推理依据：There are no other reasons for the groups depression. 四、归纳推理论证法 从若干个具体事例中推出共性的一般结论。如： 论点：Everyone likes the movie. 论据：I know three people who like the movie. 推理依据：Three eaxmples are enough. 五、列举特征式论证法 指出某事物发生或者生存的征候或者迹象。例如： 论点：The child has chickenpox. 论据：The child has red spots. 推理依据：These spots are signs of chickenpox. 六、类比论证法 用我们已知的、熟悉的事物同未知的。不熟悉的事物加以比较，并用前者的情况解释者 的情况。分为三种：纵向类比(过去的事物同现在的、同一类事物的类比)、横向类比(同一 时期、同一事物之间的类比)、比喻式类比(不同类别事物之间的类比)。例如： 1.纵向类比(Historical analogy) 论点：Many people will die of SARS. 论据：Many people died of the Black Death. 推理依据：SARS and Black Death are similar. 2.横向类比(Literal analogy) 论点：China should have its fighter carriers. 论据：A neighboring country has a powerful carrier fleet. 推理依据：The two countries are similar enough to draw such a comparison. 3.比喻式类比(Metaphorical analogy) 论点：Reading a difficult book should take time. 论据：Digesting a large metal takes time. 推理依据：Reading and eating are sufficiently alike to be compared. 七、引用权威论证法 引用公认的权威，或者论证自己就是权威从而对自己的观点加以论证。例如： 论点：Chinas economy will grow 8 poercent this year. 论据：Professors and scientists say so. 推理依据：These experts are reliable. 八、诉诸尝试法 利用人们的常识【包括：普遍的价值观念、人的普遍动机、生活常识】进行论证。例如：