英语国家概况大题解析Explain.docxVIP

2012-761. Domesday Book《末日审判书》This book, completed in 1086,was the result of a general survey of England made in 1085.and stated the extent, value, the population, state of cultivation, and ownership of the land. Today, Domesday Book is kept in the Public Records Office In London.这本书在1086年完成，是1085年英国进行的土地普查的结果，书里阐述了当时土地分布范围，大小，人口，以及土地的耕种情况。关于土地的所属人，书里也进行了详细的记述。《末日审判书》现如今被保存在伦敦的公共历史档案馆中。62. Thatcherism 《撒切尔主义》Mrs. Thatcher’s policies were usually called Thatcherism. It included the return to private ownership of state-owned industries. the use of monetarist policies (the supply of money in Britain) to control inflation, the weakening of trade unions. the strengthening of the role of market forces in the economy, and an emphasis on law and order.撒切尔统治方针被叫做“撒切尔主义”，它包含了把国有化变私有化，利用货币政策来控制通货膨胀，削弱工会，加强市场经济调节角色，重点维护法律与社会秩序。63. “Great Compromise” of 1787《大妥协》A conference was held in Philadelphia in May 1787,after the convention opened,the delegates all agreed it was impossible to try to patch up the Articles of Confederation(联邦条例).and decided therefore to ignore them and draw up a new plan of government. In the end, the differences were resolved by the “Great Compromise” of July 16,giving each state an equal vote in the Senate but making representation in the House reflect the size of each state’s population.1787年5月在费城举行会议，会议中，所有参加代表都不接受联邦条例，并提议忽略它，重新为政府起草新的条例。最终七月16号，大妥协飞方针平息了异议。即上议院给予每个州公平的选举权，但是州的人口数将决定州的代表人数。64. Halloween《万圣节前夕（指十月三十一日夜晚）》Halloween (All Hallows’ Eve) is a night-time children’s holiday. It is a time for frightening costumes, masks, parties, games and tricks-all for fun.万圣节是孩子们的节日，那天晚上，孩子们会穿着吓人的衣服，带着面具，举行聚会，玩游戏，恶作剧。2012-461. Cabinet (U.K.)《内阁》Ministers (大臣) are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of the Prime Minster. The most senior ministers (usually about 20) compose the Cabinet, which meets under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister for a few hours each week to decide Government policy on major issues. Ministers are responsible collectivel