克氏外科学19版Chapter 17.pdfVIP

CHAPTER 17 EMERGING TECHNOLOGY IN SURGERY: INFORMATICS, ROBOTICS, AND ELECTRONICS Gerald M. Fried MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY minimally invasive surgery Accessing internal body cavities, such as the chest, abdomen, catheter-based therapies and pelvis, requires an incision. The size of the incision is deter- image-guided ablative therapies mined by the need of the surgeon to see and manipulate the minimally invasive robotic surgery target tissues. If resection is required, the incision size must take flexible endoscope as a surgical platform into account the dimensions of the tissues to be removed. In simulation for surgical training and operative planning some cases, thorough histologic examination of the removed conclusion tissue is not critical (e.g., splenectomy for idiopathic thrombo- cytopenic purpura [ITP], hysterectomy for fibroids) and the resected organ may be pulverized or morcellated to ease its There has been a dramatic change in surgical care over the past removal through a small incision. In other cases, such as colec- 20 years with the introduction of digitization, miniaturization, tomy for cancer, it is important to examine the removed tissues improved optics, novel imaging techniques, and computerized accurately for staging and grading purposes and to ensure that informati