Antibacterial surface design – Contact kill.pdfVIP

Progress in Surface Science 91 (2016) 136–153 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Progress in Surface Science journal homepage: /locate/progsurf Review article Antibacterial surface design – Contact kill Rajbir Kaur a, Song Liu a,b,c,? a Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada b Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3A 1R9, Canada c Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada article info Article history: Available online 4 October 2016 Keywords: Antibacterial surfaces Contact-active QAC N-Chloramine abstract Designing antibacterial surfaces has become extremely important to minimize Healthcare Associated Infections which are a major cause of mortality worldwide. A previous biocidereleasing approach is based on leaching of encapsulated biocides such as silver and triclosan which exerts negative impacts on the environment and potentially contributes to the development of bacterial resistance. This drawback of leachable compounds led to the shift of interest towards a more sustainable and environmentally friendly approach: contact-killing surfaces. Biocides that can be bound onto surfaces to give the substrates contact-active antibacterial activity include quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), quaternary phosphoniums (QPs), carbon nanotubes, antibacterial peptides, and Nchloramines. Among the above, QACs and N-chloramines are the most researched contact-active biocides. We review the engineering of contact-active surfaces using QACs or N-chloramines, the modes of actions as well as the test methods. The charge-density threshold of cationic surfaces for desired antibacterial ef?cacy and attempts to combine various biocides for the generation of new contact-active surfaces are discussed in detail. Surface positive charge density is identi?