美国文学纲要课件.pptVIP

美国文学纲要 I. Colonial Time Anne Bradstreet (1612—1672)，北美第一位女诗人 Ⅱ. Age of Enlightenment and Independence War Benjamin Franklin (1706—1790): Poor Richard’s Almanac; Autobiography Thomas Paine(1737—1809): two important pamphlets: Common Sense; American Crisis III. Age of Romanticism (1800—1865) 1, early romantic writers Washington Irving (1783—1859): The Sketch Book（《见闻札记》），内中两著名短篇小说： “Rip Van Winkle”; “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” James Fenimore Cooper (1789—1851): The Leatherstocking Tales (五部曲）包括长篇如：The Pathfinder; The Deer Slayer; The Last of the Mohicans; The Prairie 2, Transcendentalism (超验主义） 主要人员：Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803—1882), 主要写essays,包括”Nature”, 发表于1836，号称是manifesto of American Transcendentalism; 其他主要论文包括: “The American Scholar”; “Self-Reliance” Henry David Thoreau(1817-1862), 代表作：Walden, 散文: “On Civil Disobedience” 超验主义者合作创办的杂志为：The Dial 3,poetry Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807—1882): “A Psalm of Life” Walt Whitman (1819—1892): 一生唯一一部诗集Leaves of Grass,其中最重要一首: “Song of Myself”；采用free verse自由体，即无格律不押韵脚 Emily Dickinson (1830—1886):女诗人，诗皆无题，多于死后发表 4, fiction Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804—1864) short stories: “Young Goodman Brown”; “Rappacinni’s Daughter”; “The Birthmark”; novels: The Scarlet Letter; (女主人公名字：Hester Prine; 男主角：Chillingworth和Damesdale)The House of the Seven Gables(该小说取材于1692年的Salem Witchcraft trials); The Blithedale Romance;(该小说取材自Brook Farm的空想实验） Herman Melville(1819—1891) Moby Dick Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811—1896) Uncle Tom’s Cabin Edgar Allan Poe (1809—1849) 小说创作分为恐怖故事（gothic tales)和侦探小说（detective stories），侦探名为Dupin；所创作第一篇侦探小说为: “Murders in the Rue Mogue”;另有名篇 “The Purloined Letter”;恐怖故事名篇包括: “The Fall of the House of Usher”; “The Black Cat” 诗歌代表作为: “The Raven” 文学评论代表作为: “The Philosophy of Composition”；强调诗歌的长度应以一次可读完为宜，题材应为美女之死 Ⅳ.Realism,1865--1918 Kate Chopin (1851—1904) The Awekening William Dean Howells (1837—1920) The Rise of Silas Lapham Mark Twain,真名Samuel Langhorne Clemens (1835—1910) Innocents Abroad The Adventures of Huckleberry Fi