75分散智能与行动系统（PeaPerkins）.doc

活動理論讀書會（四） 日期：2006年逸仙樓7樓（創意與創造力中心）玻璃屋會議室Pea, R. (1993). Practices of Distributed Intelligence and Designs for Education. In G. Salomon (Ed.), Distributed Cognitions: Psychological and Educational Considerations. New York: Cambridge University Press.Perkins, D. N. (1993). Person-Plus: A Distributed View of Thinking and Learning. In G. Salomon (Ed.), Distributed Cognitions: Psychological and Educational Considerations. New York: Cambridge University Press. 導讀人：陳百齡老師 記錄：徐志偉 當我們同在一起：分散智能與行動系統 導讀：Distributed Intelligence 智能散見於日常生活當中 …The “mind” rarely works alone. The intelligences revealed through these practices are distributed – across minds, persons, and the symbolic and physical environments, both natural and artificial. 傳統認為個人天賦異稟，然人類心智並非單獨運作分散符號周遭物質環境（自然人造）等。因此， 情境既是資源又是限制 The environments in which humans live are thick with invented artifacts that are in constant use for structuring activity, for saving work, or for avoiding error, and they are adapted creatively almost without notice. These ubiquitous mediating structures that both organize and constrain human activity include not only design objects, but also people in social relations. 人類生活與居住之環境中皆充滿自身創造之人造物，如：眼鏡、筆記本等中介結構 資源與行動：智能如何分散？ When I say that intelligence is distributed, I mean that the resources that shape and enable activity are distributed in configuration across people, environments, and situations. In other words, intelligence is accomplished rather than possessed. 智能之所以分散，是因為環境中存在資源，其一方面形塑與協助我們促成行動達成，另一方面，亦對我們產生限制。 換句話說，智能是促成的（accomplished）而非擁有的（possessed），非存於人類大腦中，人類能夠有效統合周遭與內外資源 智能透過社會機制而分散 There are both social and material dimensions of this distribution. The social distribution of intelligence comes from its construction in activities such as the guided participation in joint action common in parent-child interaction or apprenticeship, or through people’s collaborative efforts to achieve shared aims. Roy Pea從二方面談智能之配置：社會配置物質工具配置等 智能透過物質工具而分散 The material distribution of intelligen