族群、宗教与认同—西班牙殖民时期菲律宾华人社会-WordPress.com.docVIP

族群、宗教與認同—西班牙殖民時期菲律賓華人社會研究 趙啟峰 摘要： 「華菲混血人(Sangley–Mestizo)」Ethnic, religious and Identity – The Philippine Chinese community during Spanish colonial era Abstract：his paper aims to research the development of the Philippine Chinese community, under the background of the Spanish colonial era, and indicates the way the Spaniards ruled the Philippine Chinese, which differs from that in other Chinese communities of Southeast Asia. In general, during the period of pre-colonial establishment, the Spaniards relied on Chinese trade and handicrafts. Meanwhile, to maintain the galleon trade across the Pacific, they took the closed-end managerial action to the Chinese. The Spaniards not only limited the Chinese to trade in commerce and handicrafts regions in the Pariàn, but also massacred and expelled the Chinese to resolve concerns over the Chinese population. In addition to high-pressured rules, there were gently religious preach, the encouragement of the Chinese Catholic marriages with indigenous women, freedom of settlement and other preferential treatment. Therefore, a two Chinese society (ie, Chinese Catholics and non-Catholic) phenomenon was created. Between the mid-18th century and the 19th century, the colonial rule ended, and the Spaniards opened Manila Bay, thereby enabling the full development of the Philippine Islands to thoroughly change the direction of the colonial Philippines. At that time, the Chinese community under the deregulation of the colonial government, they obtained the space and opportunities to fully develop. Due to the early years of Chinese Catholics intermarriage with indigenous women, the Sangly-mestizos descendants, though retreating from the economic activities, became the main roles in the trend of the national movement in the late 19th century. Because of their common- educated background, they led the people of the Philippine island to the road of the revolution. Key Words: Pariàn, Sangley-Mestizos, Chinese of Manila, Binondo. 一、前言 菲律賓的華人與其