有机肥对烤烟生长及品质的影响.docVIP

有机肥对烤烟生长及品质的影响 　　摘要 采用田间随机区组试验，研究了有机肥对烤烟生长以及品质的影响，结果表明：生物有机肥和饼肥配合施用对烤烟的生长发育具有一定的促进作用，其烟株有效叶数以及最大叶面积具有一定的优势，烤后烟叶经济性状表现较好，其中单施饼肥烤后烟叶等级结构比例较高。生物有机肥和饼肥施用提高了烟叶总糖和还原糖的含量，同时有助于降低烟叶中氮和烟碱含量。单施生物有机肥或者饼肥对烟叶香气质和香气量的提升效果均较好，其中施用饼肥能够改善上部B1F等级烟叶的感官评吸质量。综合分析，施用有机肥促进了烟叶化学成分的协调，改善了烟叶品质，本研究中所选取的生物有机肥以及饼肥是适宜烤烟生产的优质有机肥料。 　　关键词 生物有机肥；饼肥；烤烟；生长；品质 　　中图分类号 S572 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2016）02-0025-02 　　Abstract The test used single factor randomized block design methods to study the effects of organic fertilizer on the growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The results were as follows：the application of cake fertilizer combined with bio-organic fertilizer could promote growth and development of flue-cured tobacco，and the effective leaf number and maximum leaf area of tobacco plant were the best. The economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco leaves by the application of organic fertilizer were better and the hierarchical structure of flue-cured tobacco leaves by the application of cake fertilizer were higher. The application of cake fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer could increase the content of total sugar and reduce sugar in tobacco leaves and reduce nitrogen and nicotine content in tobacco leaves. The application of cake fertilizer or bio-organic fertilizer could improve the quality and volume of aroma in tobacco leaves. The application of cake fertilizer could improve the sensory quality of B1F tobacco leaves. Applying organic fertilizer promoted the coordination of chemical composition of tobacco leaves and improved the quality of tobacco leaves. The cake fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer selected in the study was suitable for tobacco production. 　　Key words bio-organic fertilizer；cake fertilizer；flue-cured tobacco；growth；quality 　　烤烟烟叶质量受土壤、气候、品种、栽培技术和烘烤技术等诸多因素影响，其中适宜的土壤肥力条件是调控烤烟生长发育，获得优质烟叶的基础[1-2]。土壤养分含量丰缺状况和供应强度直接影响着烟草生长发育和产质表现[3-4]。近年来烟草生产由于受连作以及不合理施肥等因素影响，烟草营养失衡、导致烟叶品质下降现象较为突出，严重制约了烟叶质量风格的进一步彰显和提升[5-6]。研究烤烟营养调控关键技术，优化烟区施肥方案，保证烟叶营养平衡，对提高烟叶质量、降低烟叶生产成本等具有重要意义。