基于功能群性状的伊犁河谷那拉提山地草甸群落组合定量分析.docVIP

基于功能群性状的伊犁河谷那拉提山地草甸群落组合定量分析 　　摘要 选择伊犁河谷新源县那拉提山地草甸群落割草地实验区进行调查采样，基于草地群落物种多样性组合将其划分为禾草类、豆科类和杂草类，将功能群性状划分为多度、高度、盖度和生物量，研究结果概括如下：群落尺度功能群多样性Shannon-Wiener指数年际变化显著（P0.05）；杂草类的多度和高度年际变化显著（P0.05）；豆科类的多度年际变化显著（P0.05）。禾草类的相对高度、相对盖度、相对生物量分别显著（P0.01）大于杂草类和豆科类的相应值，杂草类的相对多度显著（P0.01）大于禾草类和豆科类的相对多度。禾草类SDR显著度显著（P0.01）大于杂草类SDR和豆科类SDR；杂草类SDR显著（P0.01）大于豆科类SDR。 　　关键词 山地草甸；功能群；组合；定量分析；伊犁河谷；那拉提 　　中图分类号 S812.3 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2016）17-0241-02 　　Abstract The research selected the Nalati alpine meadow community in Xinyuan County of Yili valley as experimental site，classified community diversity compositions as herb，forb and legume on the basis of the functional groups and grouped functional traits as abundance，height，cover and biomass，the research results showed as following.The community scale Shannon-Wiener indices of the functional groups varied significantly（P0.05）interannually；the abundances and heights of the forbs varied significantly（P0.05）interannually；the abundances of the legumes varied significantly（P0.05）interannually. The relative heights，relative covers and relative biomass of the herbs were significantly（P0.01）higher than those of the herbs and legumes respectively，the relative abundances of the forbs were significantly（P0.01）higher than those of the herbs and legumes. The SDR of the herbs were significantly（P0.01）higher than those of the forbs and legumes；the SDR of the forbs were significantly（P0.01）higher than those of the legumes. 　　Key words sub-alpine meadow；functional group；compositions；quantative analysis；Yili valley；Nalati 　　伊犁河谷位于天山山脉西段，北纬42°14′～44°50′，东经80°9′～84°56′，东西长约350 km，南北宽约280 km，总面积约5.58万 km2，其区域生境类型多样，物种多样性组成丰富，为中国五大生物多样性分布区之一[1]。其中天然草地总面积约3.42万km2，占区域总面积61.29%，草地群落类型多样，包括高寒草甸类、山地草甸类、山地草甸草原类、山地草原类、山地荒漠草原类、平原荒漠类、平原低地草甸类、平原沼泽类等八大类型，其中山地草甸群落面积最大，占伊犁河谷草地可利用面积的27.91%，在产草量、载畜能力和生态服务功能上均代表新疆各草地类型最高水平[2-3]。受全球气候变化、超载放牧和开垦等自然和人为因素的干扰，伊犁河谷天然草地群落物种组成及群落结构出现变化，毒害草蔓延，植被盖度降低，地上生物量减少，草地功能退化，从而影响草地畜牧业可持续发展及伊犁河谷草地生态系统结构与功能的稳定性[4]。 　　本研究选择伊犁河谷新源县那拉提山地草甸群落，