不同氮肥施用模式下北方粳稻生理特性及产量差异.docVIP

不同氮肥施用模式下北方粳稻生理特性及产量差异 　　摘要：以北方粳稻铁粳11号为试材，分析了不同氮肥施用模式下其生理特性及产量的差异。结果表明，基肥∶蘖肥∶穗肥为6∶3∶1时，施氮量越高越有利于提高叶绿素含量、光合能力、有效穗数、千粒重和产量；基肥∶蘖肥∶穗肥为4∶3∶3时，中氮水平下更具有优势；前氮后移适用于低、中氮水平，能够增强光合能力，优化产量构成因素，提高产量；同一基蘖穗肥比例下，增加施氮量有利于提高总吸氮量和蛋白质含量，而氮素生理利用率、精米率和食味值呈下降趋势，氮素回收率和收获指数变化存在差异；同一施氮水平下，前氮后移使总吸氮量、蛋白质含量增加，氮素生理利用率、精米率、直链淀粉含量以及食味值下降，低、中氮水平使氮素回收率和收获指数增加，高氮水平则降低；施氮量210 kg/hm2，基肥∶蘖肥∶穗肥为4∶3∶3时，产量较其他处理增加2.8%～11.3%，是本试验中氮肥施用的最优模式。 　　关键词：氮肥；粳稻；生理特性；产量 　　中图分类号：S143.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2015）24-6195-04 　　DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.24.024 　　Abstract： Using the northern japonica rice Tiejing 11 as test material， the differences in their physiological characteristics and yield under different nitrogen fertilization patterns were studied. The results showed that while the nitrogen of basal： tillering： panicle was 6∶3∶1，the higher amount of nitrogen would improve the chlorophyll content， photosynthetic capacity， effective panicle， grain weight and yield； the medium nitrogen level had advantage under the ratio 4∶3∶3； nitrogen application at late growth stage was suitable for low or medium nitrogen level， which could increase photosynthetic capacity and optimize the yield components and increase yield； under the same ratio for basic tiller and ear fertilizer，the increase of nitrogen could improve total nitrogen uptake and protein content，decrease nitrogen physiological efficiency and milled rice and tasting，but nitrogen recovery and harvest index changes had difference； as application at late growth stage in same nitrogen rate， total nitrogen uptake and protein content increased， nitrogen physiological efficiency and milled rice and amylose content and tasting decreased， nitrogen recovery and harvest index increased under low or medium nitrogen level and decreased under high nitrogen level. Nitrogen application 210 kg/hm2 and the ratio 4∶3∶3 of basal： tillering： panicle made the yield increase by 2.8%～11.3%， and this is the optimal mode of nitrogen fertilizer application. 　　Key words