chapter 12 cmets and asteroids debris of the solar systemchapter 12 comets and asteroids debris of the solar systemchapter 12 comets and asteroids debris of the solar systemchapter 12 comets and asteroids debris of the solar system.pptVIP

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chapter 12 cmets and asteroids debris of the solar systemchapter 12 comets and asteroids debris of the solar systemchapter 12 comets and asteroids debris of the solar systemchapter 12 comets and asteroids debris of the solar system.ppt

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chapter 12 cmets and asteroids debris of the solar systemchapter 12 comets and asteroids debris of the solar systemchapter 12 comets and asteroids debris of the solar systemchapter 12 comets and asteroids debris of the solar system

April 18, 2006 Astronomy 2010 Chapter 12: Comets andAsteroids: Debris of the Solar System Discovery of Asteroids Most asteroid orbits lie in the asteroid belt – between Mars and Jupiter. Too small to be visible without a telescope. First discovered when astronomers were hunting for a planet between Mars and Jupiter 1st discovered in the 1801 Name: Ceres Distance from the Sun : 2.8 AU Discoverer : Giovanni Piazzi Followed in subsequent years by the discovery of other small planets in similar orbits By 1890, more than 300 objects had been discovered. More than 10000 asteroids now have well determined orbits. Asteroid Nomenclature Asteroids are given a number and a name Names originally chosen from Greek/Roman goddesses; other female names; all names go! Asteroids 2410, and 4859 named after Morrison and Fraknoi Asteroid Census Total number of asteroids in the solar system very large. Must be estimated on the basis of systematic sampling of the sky. Studies indicate there are 106 asteroids with diameters greater than 1 km! Largest: Ceres - Diameter: ~1000 km Pallas, and Vesta – Diameter: ~ 500 km 15 more larger than 250 km. 100 times more objects of 10 km size than 100 km. Total mass of asteroids is less than the mass of the Moon Asteroid Orbits Revolve around the sun in west-to-east. Most lie in or near the ecliptic. Asteroid belt defined as region that contains all asteroids with semi-major axes 2.2 to 3.3 au. Periods: 3.3 to 6 years. 75% of known asteroids in the main belt. Not closely spaced – typically million km between them. Japanese astronomer K. Hirayama found in 1917 that asteroids fall into families. Asteroid Families Groups with similar characteristics Each family may result from explosion of larger body (most likely by a collision) In a family, asteroids have similar velocities Several dozen families are found. Physical similarities between largest asteroids of given families. Asteroid Physical Appearance Majority: very dark Do not reflect much lig