Employee Incentive Plans Make Them Worthwhile外文翻译.docVIP

Employee Incentive Plans Make Them Worthwhile外文翻译 Employee Incentive Plans: Make Them Worthwhile Charles .E. Boyle A few years back, while leading a seminar, we asked the audience to see if anyone had an employee incentive plan. One person raised his hand and proudly said: I do. If they work hard they get to keep their jobs, thats their incentive. Although this was said with a bit of humor, behind the comment is a basic truth. Employees are hired and expected to perform at least average. So why motivate them at all? Starting from the 1960s researchers have shown great interest in motivation. Along with research in areas such as Human Resource Management and Organizational Behavior employee motivation has become a fascinating research topic also for Management academics. The research focus has been placed on the motivation process of employees as well as on the rewards which individuals find motivating. Further, some research has been conducted on finding out the differences in employee motivation in different countries. The following subsections cover some major motivation theories and their applicability in different countries as well as discuss the existing cross crossnational studies on employee motivation。 Prominent motivation theorists, such as Abraham Maslow 1968, Frederick Herzberg 1966, and David McClelland 1987 explain motivation through different models. Their theories, so called content theories, are concemed with identifying factors within the individuals, which energize, direct, and sustain behavior 15. Process theories, such as presented by Victor Vroom 1964 concentrate on how employee behavior is initiated, redirected and halted. Such theories focus on certain psychological processes underlying actions, in particular how individuals make decisions that are related to their behavior Many of the motivation theories are not country-compatible which means that these theories do not necessarily work in different institutional frameworks, in o