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Enhancement of nitrogen removal in towery hybrid英文书.pdf

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Ecological Engineering 35 (2009) 1043–1050 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Ecological Engineering journal homepage: /locate/ecoleng Enhancement of nitrogen removal in towery hybrid constructed wetland to treat domestic wastewater for small rural communities Fenxia Ye ?, Ying Li Department of Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, 20 Houhe Lane, Ningbo 315016, PR China article info Article history: Received 11 September 2008 Received in revised form 6 January 2009 Accepted 23 March 2009 Keywords: Constructed wetlands Nitri?cation Denitri?cation Domestic wastewater Nitrogen removal Nitrifying bacteria Denitrifying bacteria abstract Efforts to protect watercourses, especially sources of drinking water, particularly in rural areas, are now underway in China. Nitrogen present in wastewater, due to its role in eutrophication and potential toxicity to aquatic species, is a focus of primary concern. Constructed wetlands (CWs), a simpler, less costly treatment alternative, have been used to treat domestic wastewater for small communities. Although showing great promise for removing carbonaceous materials from wastewater, wetland systems have not been successful in removing nitrogen mainly due to lack of dissolved oxygen (DO). To enhance nitrogen removal, a novel CW con?guration with three stages, towery hybrid constructed wetland (THCW), was designed. The ?rst and third stages were rectangle subsurface horizontal ?ow CWs, and the second stage was a circular three-layer free-water ?ow CW. Increased DO by passive aeration of a tower type cascade over?ow from the upper layer into the lower layer in the second stage of the wetland enhanced nitri?cation rates. Denitri?cation rates were also improved by additional organic matter supplied as a result of bypass in?uent directly into the second stage. Evergreen tree Pond Cypress (Taxodium ascendens), industrial plants Mat Rush (Schoenoplectus trigueter) and Wild Rice shoots (Zizania aquatica), ornamental ?or