灾区快速评估实务-台湾灾难医学会.pptVIP

災難需求之快速評估 佛教慈濟大林綜合醫院 急診醫學科 李宜恭醫師 Purpose Confirm the emergency Describe the type, impact and possible evolution of the emergency Measure its present and potential health impact Assess the adequate of existing response capacity and immediate additional needs Recommend priority action for immediate response 快速評估的範圍(1) 確認災難對社會的衝擊和社會的處理能力 確認弱勢族群，特別是婦女和兒童 確認緊急的需求與可提供給災民的有效方法 確認災區的反應程度與內部（包括災民）的處理能力 確認災民需求的優先性，與災民自己喜歡的策略 確認外援反應的程度 快速評估的範圍(2) 向中央建議災難處理的優先順序 確認那種深度評估應該進行 提供基本資料以作為後來監測的參考 狀況無法確定或需求超過US＄25000 清楚自己的能力並告知當地政府 評估的種類 災難狀況評估 需求評估 災難狀況評估項目(1) 災難的位置及範圍 災民數 死亡率 外傷及疾病種類 災民的特徵及狀況 緊急醫療、衛生、營養、飲水及健康狀態 持續或緊急威脅的程度（天然／人為） 災難狀況評估項目(2) 基層組織及重要設施的損害 房屋及商業建築物的損害 農業及食物供應系統的損害 經濟資源及社會組織的損害 無助災民在未來數週（月）對災難嚴重程度的影響 災區本身處理災難能力的程度及反應 其他團體的動員形情 Indicators Death No of impact-related deaths in population of disaster area No of impact-related deaths by age and gender No of impacted-related deaths in population within specific location or habitat No of deaths per number of destroyed houses No of impact-related deaths per unit of time after disaster in population of disaster area Indicators Morbidity No of medical consultations in surviving population Time distribution of medical consultation Distribution of types of medical conditions Incidence of communicable diseases Occupancy of hospital beds and duration of hospitalization Geographical origin of hospitalized supplies Indicators Casualties No of deaths per number of casualties No of casualties per population of disaster area Distribution of types of casualties 評估的基本要素 預備計劃 標準化：名詞、分類、調查、技術、程序、表格 調查和資料收集 快速且完整標明資料來源、潛在問題的形態及指標 分析 預測 報告 監測 Methodological Problems Compromise between timeliness and accuracy Competing priority for information Logistical constrain Absence of baseline information Denominator data unavailable Methodological Problems, cont. Underreporting of health events Lack representativeness Resource costs of collecting and analyzing data Lack of standardized reporting mechanisms 資料收集方法 資料ＶＳ資訊 正確性 及時與適當頻率