台湾泪阶段海上人力资源供给问题之分析与预测.docVIP

從阿瑪斯號油污案 論如何加強我國海洋污染防治能力之研究 Enhanced Prevention Ability against oil pollution in Taiwan’s Territorial Waters: Experience Based on the Oil Pollution Case by the M/S Amorgos Cargo Ship 王敏華* Min-Hua Wang babie@.tw 摘　要 台灣四面環海，附近水域為國際油輪往來頻繁之處，以台灣海峽一星期當中即有二、三艘十萬噸以上的油輪行駛，甚至非油輪亦攜載有油，一旦發生重大油污染事故，將嚴重影響我國的港口安全、漁業資源以及海洋自然景觀。日前墾丁外海龍坑礁石海域發生阿瑪斯號貨輪溢油事件，因我國主管機關在現行的相關法規之下，對此油污案的處理方式，表現出處理不當及有通報不良的現象。我政府歷經66年「布拉哥」油輪觸礁案、85 年「中油大林廠」3號浮筒漏油事件，直到90年「阿瑪斯號」貨輪觸礁案後，在海洋環境管理策略上，一直都是以反應導向為處事方法，並無積極的事前防備。 放眼國際，自1989年阿拉斯加發生海上漏油事件以來，國際石油公司皆投入海上漏油危機處理的研究，為保護海洋環境，各國均致力研究減少油污染損害管制辦法，包括：國際防污公約之制定，新式航海定位系統之應用，油輪船體結構之標準化等。反觀國內，無論在撈取浮油或使用化學品分解浮油等技術及設備上均相當缺乏，雖然國內已建立緊急通報系統，但並未發揮應有之功能。 如何加強我國海洋污染防制能力，將會是未來我政府面對海洋污染所要解決的重要課題。本文以海上污染防治國際公約及我國現行法規的規定，及 *中國海事商業專科學校航運管理科講師 Instructor, Department of Shipping and Transportation Management, China College of Marine Technology and Commerce. 212, Sec. 9, Yen-Ping N. Rd., Taipei 111, Taiwan. 目前世界各國的污染防治措施，來檢討我國的污染危機通報方式、油污處理能力，並對交通部的海洋污染防制能力及油污染主管機關的執掌、結構作全盤的檢討。 關鍵詞：海洋污染, 污染防治, 通報系統, 油污染防治體系, 油污染應急計畫 Abstract Since Taiwan, geographically located in eastern Asia, is surrounded by some of the busiest ocean traffic lanes in the world, any oil spills have the potential to seriously affect the safety of our ports, fishery resources, and ocean landscapes. On 14 January 2001, the Adams oil liner, the M/S Amorgos, accidentally ran aground, causing an oil spill which seriously damaged the marine ecosystems near Kenting National Park, located on the southern tip of Taiwan. This case exposed several problems, including inappropriate treatments and an inefficient notification system, when the authorities handled it under the current published regulations. Therefore, determining ways to enhance our ability to prevent marine oil pollution is an important issue for our government in the immediate future, particularly for accident events caused by oil liners. This study examines the current notification system, treatments for oil pollution, and claims affairs under our current do