英美概况填空翻译解释.doc

英美概况 一、填空：1、The most important rivers in Scotland are Clyde and Forth. 2.In 1965,big oil fields were discovered under the North Sea. 3. The English people are the descendants of Anglo-Saxons, while the Scots, welsh and Irish are the descendants of the Celts. 4.The major languages spoken in Britain are English, Gaelic and Welsh. 5.The Church of England is the established church of the English nation. 6.Protestant churches not belonging to the Church of England are called Free Churches, including such sects as Baptists, the United Reformed Church, Methodists and Quakers. 7. The Roman Catholic Church was much persecuted in England for a long time after the Reformation. 8.Most of the British social customs are based on the Christian tradition. 9.During World WarⅡ,Britain was forced to borrow large amounts of money from the United States and Canada. 10.Under Margaret Thatcher, public Expenditure was reduced, foreign exchange controls lifted ,rules governing banks Loosened and worker strikes restricted. 11.The Conservative Party carried out an extensive programme of Privatization throughout the 1980s 12.The negative aspect of Thatcher’s reform was a rapid increase in taxation. 13.Britain’s traditional customers in trade were the commonwealth countries and its former colonies. Now Britain trades mainly with the common Market, the US and Canada. 14.the British government is established on the basis of constitutional monarchy. 15.Britain has no written constitution and many of the rules that govern the system are customs or conventions and ordinary laws. 16.Theoretically, the Queen has all the power, but in reality, she must act on the advice of the ministers. 17.Parliament consists of the monarch/sovereign, the House of commons and the House of Lords. 18.The President of the House of Lords is the Lord chancellor and the presiding officer of the House of Commons is “Mr. speaker” . 19.Parliament’s main functions are debate, making laws and supervising the government and fina