间歇精馏与共沸精馏分离废溶剂油效果的对比.doc

间歇精馏与共沸精馏分离废溶剂油效果的对比 摘 要 本实验主要是用间歇精馏法和共沸精馏法分别处理长春第一汽车厂所产生的废溶剂油，并比较用这两种方法处理原料后的效果，包括纯度，回收率，温度等。通过试验比较得出，间歇精馏法对乙酸丁酯的回收率为98.13%，高于共沸精馏法的95.83%；共沸精馏法对二甲苯的回收率为85.65%高于间歇精馏法的76.59%。间歇精馏法对高浓度二甲苯的回收率为34.87%远高于共沸精馏法对高浓度二甲苯的回收率15.48%；间歇精馏法对高浓度乙酸丁酯的回收率为46.93%却略低于共沸精馏法对其回收率51.07%。间歇精馏法所得乙酸丁酯和二甲苯的最高质量分数均略高于共沸精馏法，分别为88.84%对88.82%，99.14%对98.55%。在提取高浓度二甲苯和乙酸丁酯时，间歇精馏法塔釜温度变化范围明显高于共沸精馏法。 关键词：间歇精馏；二甲苯；醋酸丁酯；共沸 Compare the effection of separating waste solvent oil between batch distillation and azeotropic distillation Abstract This research mainly focusing on the waste solvent oil (essentially dimethylbenzene and butylacetate) from The First Vehicle Manufactory,with bach distillation and azeotropic to separate the waste oil,and then to analyse the property ,including the purity,coefficient of recovery and temperature. By comparation, the coefficient of recovery of butylacetate by batch distillation is 98.1325% higher than 95.83% of azeotropic distillation, however, the coefficient of recovery of dimethylbenzene by batch distillation is 76.59% lower than 85.65% of azeotropic distillation.At the same time, the coefficient of recovery of high concentrations of dimethylbenzene by batch distillation is 34.871029% much higher than 15.476% of azeotropic distillation,however, the coefficient of recovery of high concentrations of butylacetate by batch distillation is 46.93% lower than 51.07% of azeotropic distillation. The maximum mass fraction of dimethylbenzene and butylacetate by batch distillation is higher than and azeotropic distillation.In the extration of high concentrations of butylacetate and dimethylbenzene,the batch fractionating tower reactor temperature range higher than azeotropic distillation. Key Words: batch distillation; dimethylbenzene; butylacetate; azeotropic 目 录 第一章 文献综述 1 1.1 项目研究的目的和意义 1 1.2国内外有机溶剂处理方法趋势 1 1.3传统精馏 1 1.4.1间歇精馏影响因素 3 1.5间歇共沸精馏 3 1.5.1共沸精馏的原理 3 3 2.1 实验仪器与药品 3 2.1.1试剂原料 3 2.1.2 实验设备 4 2.2 废油预处理实验步骤： 4 2.2.1实验前准备 4 2.2.2预处理蒸馏 4