Unit7数字口译讲义.ppt

汉语增加倍数的说法很多，英译时，首先要仔细区分是包括基数在内的增加倍数还是净增倍数，然后决定用N times 还是（N+1）times 来表达。 例如： (1) 过去20年中，中国的国内生产总值增长了近五倍。 In the past 20 years, China’s gross domestic product increased nearly six times. (2) 1978年至1997年，中国人均生产总值增长了3.4倍。 China’s per capita GDP went up by 4.4 times between 1978 and 1997. (3) 中国城镇居民人均居住面积由1978年的3.6平方米提高到1997年的8.8平方米，增加1.4倍。 The per capita living space for urban residents in China expanded from 3.6 square meters in 1978 to 8.8 square meters in 1997, a rise of 2.4 times. (4) 1949年至1998年, 中国的粮食总产量由1.1亿吨增加到5.1亿吨, 增长3.5倍, 年平均增长3.1%, 是人口增长率的2.5倍。 Chinas total grain output increased from 110 million tons in 1949 to 510 million tons in 1998, or an increase of over 4.5 times, with an average annual growth rate of 3.1 percent, 2.5 times that of the population growth. (5) 1997年, 全国高等学校在校生总数为608万人, 其中研究生18万人, 分别是1979年的2.2倍和9.6倍。 In 1997，6.08 million students were studying in colleges and universities, including 180,000 postgraduates, 2.2 times and 9.6 times the figures of 1979 respectively. 由于汉语很少用“减少了若干倍”的说法，而多用“减少了百分之几”或“减少了几成”的说法，因此，减少多用百分数和分数表示。 例如： (1) 由于水灾，去年的收成减少了三成。 Owing to flood, the crop last year was declined by 30 percent. (2) 该公司的员工裁减了近三分之一，开支减少了四分之一。 The personnel of the company have been reduced nearly by one-third and the expenses by one-fourth. (3) 1998年，政府机构改革目标实现。国务院下设部门从40个减少到29个，人员减少了近一半。 In 1998，the targets of restructuring governmental institutions were met. Departments under the State Council were reduced from 40 to 29 and personnel were cut nearly by half. “增/减了百分之几”英语和汉语的含义一致，都表示净增或净减百分数。英汉增/减百分数的表示法有以下几种： 1) 增/减了……% increase/rise/grow…% decrease/drop/fall/sink …% 或者 increase/rise/grow/go up by …% decrease/drop/fall/go down by …% 增/减百分比的口译 (1) Between 1986 and 1987, Nikes sales dropped 18 percent and profits sank by more than 40 percent as a result of competition with Reebok. 与“锐步”鞋业竞争的结果，从1986到1987年， 耐克（鞋）的销售额下降了18%，利润下降了40%多。 (2) By putting out more than one new shoe style everyday on average, in 1995 and 1996, Nikes sales and p