Ecological Influences of Canis lupus arctos and Canis 棕熊和狼犬的生态影响.pptVIP

下载本文档

3
0
约1.06万字
约 21页
2017-02-13 发布于上海
举报
版权申诉

Ecological Influences of Canis lupus arctos and Canis 棕熊和狼犬的生态影响.ppt

1、本文档共21页，可阅读全部内容。
2、有哪些信誉好的足球投注网站（book118）网站文档一经付费（服务费），不意味着购买了该文档的版权，仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用，不得用于商业用途，未经授权，严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等，侵权必究。
3、本站所有内容均由合作方或网友上传，本站不对文档的完整性、权威性及其观点立场正确性做任何保证或承诺！文档内容仅供研究参考，付费前请自行鉴别。如您付费，意味着您自己接受本站规则且自行承担风险，本站不退款、不进行额外附加服务；查看《如何避免下载的几个坑》。如果您已付费下载过本站文档，您可以点击这里二次下载。
4、如文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等，请点击“版权申诉”（推荐），也可以打举报电话：400-050-0827(电话支持时间：9:00-18:30)。
5、该文档为VIP文档，如果想要下载，成为VIP会员后，下载免费。
6、成为VIP后，下载本文档将扣除1次下载权益。下载后，不支持退款、换文档。如有疑问请联系我们。
7、成为VIP后，您将拥有八大权益，权益包括：VIP文档下载权益、阅读免打扰、文档格式转换、高级专利检索、专属身份标志、高级客服、多端互通、版权登记。
8、VIP文档为合作方或网友上传，每下载1次，网站将根据用户上传文档的质量评分、类型等，对文档贡献者给予高额补贴、流量扶持。如果你也想贡献VIP文档。上传文档

Ecological Influences of Canis lupus arctos and Canis lupus of Yellowstone National Park Purpose How have the varying habitats and ecosystems between arctic wolves and the gray wolves of Yellowstone been affected by wolf predation? How do the different ecosystems affect these wolf populations as well as ungulates and scavengers throughout the separate latitudes? Introduction The extreme differences between the habitats of arctic wolves (above 67* lat.) and the gray wolves of Yellowstone allowed for the opportunity to research the differences of wolves’ behavioral differences and environmental effects caused by their differing habitats and resource availabilities. Although these two species of wolves may seem somewhat abstract to one another, the genetic diversity between them is very insubstantial. The arctic wolf is just one of the subspecies of the gray wolf, Canis lupus (Marquard-Petersen, 1998). Because of this, the differences between the wolves can be considered to be due to their varying environments and the ecological pressures each faces. Gray Wolves of Yellowstone Re-introduced in 1995 and 1996 with about 31 wolves; now at around 177 wolves. Re-introduction gave way to major changes in ungulate populations as well as scavengers’ populations and behavior (Wilmers, 2004). Prior to re-introduction, carrion availability was due to hunters kills and end-of-winter die-offs (resulting in overwhelming amounts of carcasses—wasted) (Wilmers, 2004) Wolves provided for constant and dispersed sources of carrion for scavengers (coyotes, ravens, magpies…beetles, vegetation). Gray Wolf Behavior Wolves preferably feed on young, weak, sick, or older prey (the more vulnerable), so as to gain food with the least amount of energy loss. (Wilmers, 2004; Ripple, et. al., 2003) Wolves do not hibernate and hunt in packs year-round. In lower elevations (food is more abundant) wolves will not guard or defend their kills after they are finished gorging, leaving scaveng