第八章化学致癌作用chemicalcarcinogenesis.ppt

10 facts about cancer 1、There are more than 100 types of cancers; any part of the body can be affected. 2、In 2005, 7.6 million people died of cancer - 13% of the 58 million deaths worldwide. 3、More than 70% of all cancer deaths occur in low and middle income countries. 4、Worldwide, the 5 most common types of cancer that kill men are (in order of frequency): lung, stomach, liver, colorectal and oesophagus. 10 facts about cancer 5、Worldwide, the 5 most common types of cancer that kill women are (in the order of frequency): breast, lung, stomach, colorectal and cervical. 6、Tobacco use is the single largest preventable cause of cancer in the world. 7、One fifth of all cancers worldwide are caused by a chronic infection, for example human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical cancer and hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes liver cancer. 10 facts about cancer 8、A third of cancers could be cured if detected early and treated adequately. 9、All patients in need of pain relief could be helped if current knowledge about pain control and palliative care were applied. 10、40% of cancer could be prevented, mainly by not using tobacco, having a healthy diet, being physically active and preventing infections that may cause cancer. Based on projections, cancer deaths will continue to rise with an estimated 9 million people dying from cancer in 2015, and 11.4 million dying in 2030. 一、Definitions: chemical carcinogen A carcinogen is an agent whose administration to previously untreated animals leads to a statistically significant increased incidence of neoplasms of one or more histogenetic types as compared with the incidence in appropriate untreated animals. 化学致癌物 能引起动物和人类肿瘤，增加其发病率或死亡率的化合物。 chemical carcinogenesis The induction or enhancement of neoplasia by chemicals. 化学致癌作用 指化学致癌物在体内引起正常细胞发生良、恶性肿瘤的过程。 二、Classifications 按作用结果分类 按作用机制分类 按作用结果分类 国际癌症研究中心（IARC） Group 1：Human Carcinogen：Sufficient evidence in humans （clear casual relationship between expo