US and China Health Reform Paths中美医疗改革之路.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * US and China Health Reform Paths中美医疗改革之路 Presented by Jackson Tung, Ph.D. 董晓侬博士 December 15, 2010 US Health Care Spending美国医疗卫生投入 Total health care spending in 2008 was 2.5 trillion US$ (6.9% increase over 2007).（2008年美国医疗卫生事业投入总额为2万5000亿美金（较2007年增长6.9%） The 2008 figure represented 17% of GDP（占2008年GDP总值的17%） $8,000 per person per year of health care cost.（人均每年医疗卫生费用为8000美金） Health care spending accounted for 10.9 percent of the GDP in Switzerland, 10.7 percent in Germany, 9.7 percent in Canada and 9.5 percent in France. （医疗卫生经费总额占瑞士GDP总额的10.9%，德国GDP总额的10.7%，加拿大GDP总额的9.7%，法国GDP总额的9.5%） According to government analysts, the nation‘s total health care bill by 2015 will be more than $4 trillion, and it will be split about equally between consumers and the government. （据政府分析人士称，国家医疗卫生投入总额至2015年将超过40000亿美金，并把消费者与政府等分开来。） Payer 支付方 Service Provider 服务提供方 Patient/people患者/人 Three Main Parties in Health Care 医疗卫生中的三方主体 Providers服务提供方 Doctors（医生） Hospitals（医院） Laboratories（实验室） Pharmacies（药店） Pharmaceutical Companies (formularies)制药商（处方） Home care and other specialty care（家庭保健和其他专业保健） What Do Providers Do?服务提供者的工作 Family doctors: maintain one-to-one relationship with patients. Mostly through outpatient office visits. 家庭医生：与患者保持一对一联系。主要通过门诊看诊。 Specialists: provide specialty care. 专科医生：提供专业医治 Hospitals: provide inpatient and emergency care. 医院：提供住院服务和急诊。 Drug stores: fill drug prescriptions. 药店：提供处方药物 Pharmaceutical companies: provide drugs under a “formulary” arrangement with payers. 制药商：与支付方商定后，提供药物。 Patient/people（患者/人民） Choose health insurance programs.（选择医疗保险项目） Most programs are associated with employers. （多数项目与雇主合作） People over 65 are covered by Medicare.（超过65岁的公民均享受医疗保险） Consider Medicare supplement insurance.（考虑医疗保险的补贴保险项目） People under a certain poverty line are covered by Medicaid.（在一定贫困线以下的人们享受医疗补助） Enroll annually (with some exceptions). 年度登记（有一些例外） Still left 15% of the population “uninsured.” （还是有15%的人没有保险。） What D