英语词汇学第六章.docVIP

第六章 词汇： Polysemy?n. 一词多义 peculiar n. 特权；特有财产adj. 特殊的Diachronic?历时性 Synchronic ?共时性 Radiation 放射法 garments ?n. [服装] 服装，衣着? Concatenation n. 串联，连结tern 三个一组的 candidate?n. 候选人 preceding?v. 在...之前 Homonyms?n. [语] 同形同音异义词 identical ? adj. 同一的；完全相同的 Homographs同形异义词 Homophones 同音异形异义 Rhetoric?修辞 puns?n. 双关语 ?sarcasm?n. 讽刺 ?ridicule?n. 嘲笑 embrace?vt. 拥抱；信奉，皈依；包含 connotation?n. 内涵 Antonymy 反义词 predecessor 前任 ?vice?versa 反之亦然 Hyponymy 上下位关系 一. 1.Polysemy—polysemy is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages.??When a words is first coined,?it?always?monosemic,?but in?the?course?of?development?,?the?same?word?may?have?two?or?more?different? meanings.? ?e.g.?The?word?flight?may?mean?passing?through?the?air,?power?of?flying,?air?of? journey,?etc. 2.Two?approaches 1).( Diachronic?approach – ?Diachronically,?polysemy?is?assumed?to?be?the?result?of?growth?and?development?of? the ?semantic?structure?of?one?and?same?word.?? This?first?meaning?is?the?primary?meaning.?With?the?advance?of?time? and?the?development?of?language,?it?took?on?more?and?more?meanings.?These?latter? meanings?are?called?derived?meanings.? E.g.?face? The?primary?meaning?gave?birth?to?new?meaning.? ?The?primary?meaning?become?either?absolute?or?disappeared?altogether? ?E.g. harvest ? ? ? ? time?of?cutting??reaping?and?gathering?the?crops? ? ? ? ? a?season‘s?yield?of?grain?or?fruit ? ? ? ? Pain?penalty?or?punishment?pains?and?penalty? ? ? ? ? upon/under?pain?of?suffering 2).Synchronic approach –synchronically, polysemy is viewed as the?coexistent?of various meaning of the same word?in?a?certain?historical?period?of?time.? The?basic?meaning?of?a?word?is?the?core?of?word?meaning.? The?core?of word?meaning?called?the?central?meaning?(secondary?meaning).? The?central?meaning?has?gradually?dimished?in?currency?with?the?changes?and?one?of? the?derived?meanings?has become?dominant. E.g.?gay? 3.Two?process?of?development 1). Radiation-a semantic process which shows that the?primary meaning stands at the ce