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that用法小议.doc
that用法小议
that一词在高中英语教学中应用非常广泛。高考题型中,无论是阅读、完型、还是填空、改错,that一词出现的频率极高。下面就高考考点从that的词性上进行总结。
一、用作连接词,引导名词性从句,即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句
需要注意的是,that在宾语从句中常省略,但多个并列的宾语从句中,只有第一个that可省略。而主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的that是不省略的。另外,that在名词性从句中不充当句子成分,也没有意义。
Eg.Some people fear (that) air pollution may bring about changes in the weather around the world and that man will die out one day.(宾语从句)
What is mentioned in the report is that the number of the students in middle schools is increasing.(表语从句)
It is mentioned in the report that the number of the students in middle schools is increasing.(主语从句)
The news that is spreading around the city is that a heavy storm is coming.(同位语从句,表语从句)
二、用作连接词,应用于副词性从句,表示原因、条件、目的、结果,常理解为固定短语
表结果:so...that...(如此...以至于...);such...that...(如此...以至于...);so that(以至于)
表目的:in order that (目的是,为了);so that(目的是,为了);for fear that(以免,惟恐)
表原因:now that(既然);seeing that(考虑到);considering that(考虑到);given that(考虑到);not that/because...but that/because(不是...而是)
表条件:provided /providing that(如果);suppose /supposing that(假如);on condition that(如果)
Eg.Human facial expression differs from those of animals in that they can be controlled on purpose. (因为,由于)
Now that everybody is here,let’s begin our meeting.(既然)
In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.(为了)
三、用作连接词,引导形容词性从句即定语从句
与名词性从句不同的是,that在定语从句中指代先行词,且充当从句中的某一成分(主语、宾语或表语),一般情况下可与which互换,但下列情况下,若先行词指代物,则只能用that。
(1)先行词为everything ,nothing ,anything ,all ,much ,little ,none 等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时
(2)先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
(3)先行词被序数词修饰时
(4)先行词被the only、the very、the same修饰时
(5)先行词中既有人又有物时
(6)wh-开头的疑问句中,为避免重复,关系词用that
(7)有两个定从时,其中一个关系代词已用过who, which等词时,另外一个宜用that
Eg.This is the very pen that is suitable.
This is the best place that I’ve seen.
The first cake that was made was the best.
The students and the school that we visited are good.
Which is the pen that you want?
需要指出的是:
(1)定语从句中,先行词被the same修饰时,关系词既可以用that,亦可用as,但二者含义不同
Eg.This
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