非谓语动词专题.docVIP

非谓语动词专题 非谓语动词是英语专业四级考试测试语法知识项目中很重要的一部分。主要考察非谓语动词的三种形式及其语法功能，因此需要掌握包括不定式、动名词和分词在内的各种用法及其区别。非谓语动词作状语用法的比较是此类语法考试中最重要的项目，而非谓语动词作宾语也是主要的考试内容。 非谓语动词作主语 在非谓语动词的三种形式中，不定式和动名词可以在句中作主语，分词不能作主语。 不定式和动名词均可直接作主语。不定式着重结果，而动名词着重进程，在这点上两者没有很明显的区别。不定式一般表示具体或是一次性动作，而动名词则常表示一般或抽象的多次动作。 To lie about it will only make matters worse. 对此事说谎只会使事情更糟糕。 Lying is vice. 说谎是不道德的行为。 不定式和动名词都可以用it代替作形式主语。不过在含有no,-less等否定词的句子里，一般不用不定式短语作主语，而常用动名词作主语。在“It is + n. / adj. + 动名词”结构中，常用的名词有：no good / no use / a waste of time / fun等；常用的形容词有：worth / enjoyable / funny / useless / worthwhile等。例如： It’s no use pretending you didn’t know. 你装糊涂是无济于事的。 It’s a waste of time arguing about it.争论这事是浪费时间。 It’s not much fun going to a party alone. 独自一人去参加聚会没什么意思。 二、非谓语动词作宾语 在谓语动词的三种形式中，不定式和动名词可以在句中作宾语，分词不能作宾语。 只能以不定式作宾语的包括：afford, agree, aim, apply, arrange, ask, beg, choose, claim, dare, decide, decline, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, proceed, promise, refuse, request, resolve(决定), seek, strive, threaten, undertake（同意或答应）, volunteer, wish等。 He determined to learn Spanish. 他决定学西班牙语。 只能以动名词作宾语的常用动词包括：admit, advise, advocate, allow, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, complete, confess, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, favor, finish, forbid, imagine, include, involve, justify（证明……正当）, mention, mind, miss, pardon, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, quit, recall, report, require, resent, resume, risk, stand, suggest等。 Mark often attempts to escape ____________ whenever he breaks traffic regulations. A. having been fined B. to be fined C. to have been fined D. being fined People appreciate ___________ with him because he has a good sense of humor. A. to work B. to have worked C. working D. having working 既可以用动名词作宾语，又可以用不定式作宾语的常用动词包括：attempt, bear, begin, cease, continue, deserve, dislike, forget, hate, intend, like, love, need, neglect, prefer, propose, regret, remember, start, try, want等。 I proposed to m