4- dedicated servers web design development（4 -专用服务器web设计开发）.doc

Ignazio Porro; Ignaz Peter Paul Porro by Peter Abrahams, telscope-at-europa-dot-com Porro was born in Pinerolo, Italy, on 25 November 1801, the son of an engineer-lieutenant. He received education in Turin, attended military college, and joined the Artillerie as a cadet. He served in the Piedmontese Corps of Engineers until 1842, attaining the rank of Major. Porro was involved in a large project, beginning in 1820, the triangulation of the Piedmont and Lombardy-Venetia area, with the director of Brera observatory Francesco Carlini. Survey methods were being adapted for greater speed, and the new practices of tachymetry (in Italian, celerimensura), or rapid topographical surveying, were pioneered by Porro, who wrote the textbook La tacheometria of 1854, wherein he states that tachymetry originated in 1823, in Italy. Commissioned by both government and business clients, Porro designed and built optical surveying instruments used in the construction of canals, roads, railroads, and military emplacements. Fabrication of these instruments began after 1820, in the Instituto Meccanico Monti al Belvedere, directed by Francesco Monti. These included tachymeters, or surveying theodolites with new designs allowing more rapid use. Among Porros innovations was the use of photography to measure angles and distances in surveying. Porro retired from the Corps in 1842 and moved to Paris, where business opportunities were greater. He studied law and finance to develop skills for legal handling of land ownership in Italy. In 1847, he established his optical instrument making shop, the Institut Technomatique et Optique, with financial assistance from the Count of Richemont. The shop was located at No. 10 Boulevard DEnfer (or Rue dEnfer; street of hell). Production has been estimated at many hundreds of instruments, including levels, tachymeters (tacheometers), telemeters, telescopes, and theodolites. Here he achieved recognition, and the French edition of his Tac