语言学整理..docxVIP

What this course is aboutChapter 1 Invitations to Linguistics Chapter 2 Speech Sounds 语音Chapter 3 Morphology 形态学Chapter 4 Syntax 句法学Chapter 5 Semantics 语义学Chapter 6 Pragmatics 语用学 Chapter 7 Discourse Analysis 语篇分析Chapter 8 Sociolinguistics 社会语言学Chapter 9 Psycholinguistics心理语言学Chapter 10 Cognitive Linguistics认知语言学 Chapter 11 Language Acquisition语言习得 Chapter 12 Applied Linguistics 应用语言学1.3 Scope of LinguisticsMicrolinguistics: 微观语言学 (Internal branches: intra-disciplinary divisions)Phonetics语音语音学Phonology音系学Morphology形态学Syntax句法学Semantics语义学Pragmatics语用学1.4 Main Branches of LinguisticsMacrolinguistics 宏观语言学Peripheral branches (hyphenated ones): 边缘分支 (External branches: inter-disciplinary divisions)Sociolinguistics 社会语言学Psycholinguistics (neurolinguistics) 心理语言学/神经语言学Stylistics 文体学Discourse analysis 语篇分析Computational linguistics计算语言学Cognitive linguistics认知语言学Applied linguistics应用语言学Linguistics: lingu-ist-ics Linguistics…systematic/scientific study of language (from different perspectives: phonological, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, sociolinguistic, psycholinguistic, cultural, cognitive, etc.) Systematic: part-whole, individual-overall, regularity-pattern, etc.…a scientific description is one that is carried out systematically on the basis of objectively verifiable observations and within the framework of some general theory appropriate to the data. … John Lyons, 1978Linguistics is always guided by the four cannons of scienceScientific: exhaustiveness穷尽性 consistency 一致性economy 经济性 objectivity客观性1.1 Main purposes of linguistics(1) It studies the nature of language and tries to establish a theory of language, and describes languages in the light of the theory established.(2) It examines all the forms of language in general and seeks a scientific understanding of the ways in which it is organized to fulfill the needs it serves and the functions it performs in human life.1.2 Linguistics versus traditional grammarTraditional grammarBased on earlier grammars of Latin or