本科学位论文__基于plc的龙门刨床控制系统设计.doc

基于PLC的龙门刨床控制系统设计 摘 要 传统的龙门刨床控制系统可靠性差，维护困难，加工质量及生产效率低。如今PLC技术的不断发展，用PLC设计电气控制系统是简便可行的方法。本文介绍的用PLC设计龙门刨床的电气控制系统，不但满足了所需的各种控制功能，而且在节省资金的前提下，还具有结构简单，运行稳定和便于维护等特点。特别是其硬件简单可靠,软件丰富灵活,运行效果好。以可编程控制器检测速度过零为换向条件实现了工作台的无冲击换向。以精密电位计为速度给定元件，可手动实时精确地调节主电机转速，从根本上克服了龙门刨床换向冲击大、工作效率不高、耗电量大等一系列缺点。系统以数字显示输出主电机实时转速和电枢电流值，显示准确、直观。 利用PLC对龙门刨床电控系统进行设计的途径和方法，为改进机床设计提供了新的思路, 对促进工业企业技术进步具有一定意义。 关键词：PLC，龙门刨床，控制系统 Designthe Electric Control Systemof Planers Basedon PLC Abstract The traditional control system of gantry planer has the shortcomings in reliability, maintenance,processing of quality and efficiency of production. Now as a result of the PLC technology unceasing development, designing the electrical control system with PLC is a simple and feasible method.This paper presents the design of gantry planer with PLC for the electrical control system,which will satisfy the needs of control functions.Moreover, under the premise of saveing money it is also simple, stable and easy to maintain operational characteristics.Especially its hardware is simple and reliable,and its software is rich and nimble.The movement effect is good.The system realizes zero-speed reversing of the work platform and eliminates the impact of original system.The precise potentionmeters are in this system as the speed regulating elements.It can regulate the real-time rotational speed of the main electromotor accurately,and the disadvantages of the original system are hurdled in this system.The real-time rotational speed and the armature current of the main electromotor can be shown accurately and digitally. The ways and means that designing gantry planer electrical control system with PLC provide a new approach for improving the machines design and promote industrial enterprises with a certain sense of technological progress. Key words: PLC，cantry laner，control ystem 目 录 第一章 绪论 1 1.1 选题背景 1 1.2 龙门刨床的结构特点 1 1.3本论文的研究目的及意义 2 第二章 可编程控制器工作原理 3 2.1 可编程序控制器的定义 3 2.2 国内外PLC和变频技术的发展现状 4 系统硬件电路设计 7 3.1 系统总体方