不同收获时期对油菜机械收获损失率的影响(over)..docVIP

不同收获时期对油菜机械收获损失率及籽粒品质的影响 左青松1,2 黄海东1 曹 石1 杨海燕1 廖庆喜1 冷锁虎2 吴江生1 周广生1，* 1华中农业大学，湖北武汉 430070；2扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室，江苏扬州 225009 摘 要：以华油杂62为材料，在70%油菜角果变黄至变黑并开始炸裂时进行不同时期机械收获试验，测定植株不同部位水分含量、损失量、粒重和籽粒含油量等指标，研究机械收获时期对收获损失率、组成及籽粒品质的影响。结果表明，本试验条件下，机械收获总损失率在7.87%~16.22%之间。割台损失占总损失率的比例随收获期推迟逐渐增加，各处理变幅为10.19%~39.73%；清选排杂总损失组成的比例最大，随收获期推迟逐渐降低，各处理变幅为49.68%~89.81%；清选和排杂总损失与割台总损失呈显著负相关（r= -0.8264*）。总损失率与籽粒、角果皮、主花序分枝水份含量均呈极显著正相关，相关系数分别为0.9785**、0.9827**和0.9604**。籽粒水份含量为16.23%时千粒重和含油率最高，而后，随水份含量的下降，籽粒粒重、油份、全碳含量和C/N值均略有降低。油菜机械化收获时期以籽粒和角果皮水份含量在11%-13%之间为宜，此期的千粒重、油份含量、机械收获产量和产油量均较高。 关键词: 油菜；机械化收获；损失率；籽粒品质 Effects of Harvest Date on the Loss Percentage of Mechanical Harvesting and Seed Quality in Rapeseed ZUO Qing-Song1,2, HUANG Hai-Dong1, CAO Shi1, YANG Hai-Yan1, LIAO Qing-Xi1, LENG Suo-Hu2, WU Jiang-Sheng1, ZHOU Guang-Sheng1,* 1Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China；2Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China Abstract: In this study, Huayouza 62 was planted in 2012～2013 to study the effects of harvest date on the loss percentage of mechanical harvesting and seed quality from 70% pod yellow to pod shattering. The results showed that the range of the total loss percentage was from 7.87% to 16.22% under different harvest dates. The CPL composition range was from 10.19% to 39.73%, and with the harvest date delay the CPL composition increased. The CDL composition range was from 49.68% to 89.81%, and with the harvest date delay the CPL composition decreased. The total loss percentage of cutting platform (CPL) had significantly negative correlation with the total loss percentage of cleaning and discharging (CDL) (r =-0.8264*). The total loss percentage had extremely significantly positive correlation with seed moisture content (r= 0.9785**), shell moisture content (r= 0.9827**), and main inflorescence and branches (r= 0.9604**). When the seed moisture content was from 16.23%, the 1000-seed weight and oi