翻译中减词.pptVIP

翻译技巧——减词法（Omission ） 语 法 英汉两种语言在语法上差异较大，例如： 英语有冠词，而汉语却没有； 英语重形合、连接词较多，汉语重意合、连接词较少； 英语中介词丰富，汉语中介词则较少； 英语中经常使用代词，尤其是经常使用人称代词、关系代词等，而汉语中代词则用得较少； 因此，英译汉时可根据具体情况将冠词、连接词、介词、代词略去，使译文练达晓畅。 冠词 代词的省译 A dictionary is a good teacher. （一本）词典是（一位）良师。 He started hitting the bottle at 18. 他18岁时开始酗酒。 He knows he’s too tired to read, and he’s just wasting time. 他知道自己太累，读不下去了。（他）完全是在浪费时间。 冠词 代词的省译 Her dark hair waved untidy across her forehead, her face was short, her upper lip short, showing a glint of teeth, her brows were straight and dark, her lashes long and dark, her nose straight. 她的黑发散乱地飘佛在（她的）宽阔的前额上，（她的）脸是短短的。（她的）上唇也是短短的，露出一排闪亮的牙齿，（她的）眉毛又直又黑，（她的）睫毛又长又黑，（她的）鼻子笔直。 介词的省译 The children are the beautiful flowers in spring. 儿童是（在）春天的鲜花。 On the evening of December, 1955, in Montgomery, a bus stopped at an intersection. （在）1995年12月1日傍晚，蒙哥马力市的一辆公共汽车停在十字街口。Intersection = crossroads交叉（十字）路口 Smoking is not allowed in classroom. （在）教室内不准吸烟。 They arrived in London on May 20. 他们于5月20日到达伦敦。 比较：5月20日，他们到达伦敦。 连词 同位语的省译 Early people got up at sunrise and went to bed at sunset. 古人日出而作，日落而息。 Unless there is motion, there is no work. 没有运动，也就没有功。 Never get on or off the bus before it comes to a standstill. 车未停稳，切勿上下。 His father is an oculist, or an eye-doctor. 他的父亲是眼科医生。 This medicine, or drug, has a violent effect. 这种药的药性猛烈。 动词的省译 These facts are related to the problem. 这些事实与这个问题有关。（汉语用介词结构做谓语） These animals made an adjustment to the new environment in a short time. 这些动物短时间内就适应了新环境。 Oculists find that a child’s eyes do not reach full development until about twelve years of age. 眼科医生发现，儿童的眼睛要到大约12岁才发育完全。 Now we have solved the problem and have arrived at the same conclusion as they arrived at. 现在我们已解决了这个问题，并且得出了和他们相同的结论。 Exercises As it is late, let us go to bed. 不早啦，睡吧！ The city has a dense manufacturing population. 这个城市有稠密的工业人口。 The products should be sampled to check their quality before they leave the factory. 产品出厂前应该进行抽样检查。 Most of the people who appear most often and most g