有效软件测试的50条建议（effectivesoftwaretesting50specificwaystoimproveyourtesting）..doc

Chapter 1. Requirements Phase 第一章 需求阶段 The most effective testing programs start at the beginning of a project, long before any program code has been written. The requirements documentation is verified first; then, in the later stages of the project, testing can concentrate on ensuring the quality of the application code. Expensive reworking is minimized by eliminating requirements-related defects early in the projects life, prior to detailed design or coding work. 最有效的测试工作开始于项目的开始阶段,远远早于程序的编码阶段。首先需要检查需求文档；然后，在项目的后期阶段，测试就可以专注于保证程序代码的质量。在项目生命周期中，也就是详细设计和编码之前，消除需求相关的缺陷能够将昂贵的返工工作降低最低。 The requirements specifications for a software application or system must ultimately describe its functionality in great detail. One of the most challenging aspects of requirements development is communicating with the people who are supplying the requirements. Each requirement should be stated precisely and clearly, so it can be understood in the same way by everyone who reads it. 软件应用程序或者系统的需求规格说明必须非常详细的描述它的功能。确定需求最具挑战之一的工作是和提供需求的人员交流。每一条需求都应该被准确和清晰的阐述，以便阅读需求的每个人都可以以同样的方式理解需求。 If there is a consistent way of documenting requirements, it is possible for the stakeholders responsible for requirements gathering to effectively participate in the requirements process. As soon as a requirement is made visible, it can be tested and clarified by asking the stakeholders detailed questions. A variety of requirement tests can be applied to ensure that each requirement is relevant, and that everyone has the same understanding of its meaning. 如果使用了一致的方法来撰写需求，那么需求收集人员就有可能有效的 参与需求过程。一旦某条需求有了可见性，那么通过详细咨询相关人员这条需求就可以被测试和澄清了。各种各样的需求测试可以用来确保每条需求是恰当的，并且大家对它的含义也有相同的理解。 Item 1: Involve Testers from the Beginning 第1条：测试人员及早介入 Testers need to be involved from the beginning of a projects life cycle so they can understand exactly what they are testing and can work with other stakeholders to create testable requirements. 测试人员需要项目从项目生命周期之初就要介入,以便他们能准确的理解他们正在做的测试和其他参与人员一起生成可测试的需求。 Defect prevention is the