脉管学(心)-人体解剖学.ppt

第三篇 脉管系统 左心室的前内侧部分，主动脉口下方，壁光滑无肉柱，缺乏伸展性和收缩性，为左心室的流出道。 后外侧界：二尖瓣的前瓣 前内侧界：室间隔 流出道 (主动脉前庭) Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 主动脉口、主动脉瓣环、主动脉瓣。主动脉瓣膜相对的主动脉壁向外膨出，瓣膜和动脉壁之间形成的衣袋状空间，称为主动脉窦，可分为左、右、后3个窦。左、右窦的动脉壁上分别有左、右冠状动脉的开口。 流出道 (主动脉前庭) Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 结缔组织构成，纤维环(二尖瓣环、三尖瓣环、主动脉瓣环和肺动脉瓣环)和左、右纤维三角。 三、心壁的构造 ㈠心纤维支架 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 1.心内膜 2.心肌 3.心外膜 ㈡心壁 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2.室间隔：较厚，肌部、膜部。 1.房间隔：较薄，两层心内膜之间夹以结缔组织和少量心肌细胞构成，卵圆窝处最薄。 ㈢房间隔和室间隔 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 特殊分化的心肌细胞构成，产生并传导冲动，以维持心的节律性舒缩。 四、心传导系 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. (一)窦房结：位于上腔静脉根部与右心房交界处、界沟上部的心外膜下。正常起搏点，长椭圆形。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. (二)房室结：位于房间隔下部右心房的心内膜下，冠状窦口的前上方。扁椭圆形，前下端发出房室束。功能是将窦房结传来的冲动在结内作短暂的延搁后传至心室，使心房肌和心室肌不在同一时间内收缩。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 正常情况下，房室结不产生冲动，但当窦房结功能发生障碍时，房室结也可产生冲动。 结间束有三条：前结间束、中结间束和后结间束。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. (三)房室束( His束)，起自房室结，穿过右纤维三角, 沿室间隔膜部后下缘前行,至室间隔肌部上缘分为左束支和右束支，分别沿室间隔左、右侧心内膜下向下走行。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 1．右束支 索状纤维束，沿室间隔右侧面下行，心内膜深面→隔缘肉柱→右室前乳头肌根部→Purkinje纤维。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Cop