英语句型语法.docVIP

一、句子分类 句子分类的标准有两种：按目的和按结构。按照目的分为：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。在这里我们主要看按结构分类的情况。按结构分为：简单句、并列句、复合句。（一）简单句1、定义：具有一套主谓结构的句子。主谓结构为表意的最基本单位。2、形式：5种1）主+谓：My feet hurt.2）主+谓+宾：The camera loves me.3）主+谓+间宾+直宾：I want to tell you that I love you.4）主+谓+宾+宾补：We do chicken right.5）主+系+表：You are my sunshine（二）并列句1、定义：由并列连词连接的若干简单句2、并列连词：and、but、or3、省略（三）复合句1、定义：由从属连词连接的若干简单句2、从句分类：名词性、形容词性、副词性3、句序：陈述 二、从句（一）名词性从句1、分类：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句2、连词：1）that：引导陈述句，本身没有意思2）whether、if：引导一般疑问句，意为“是否”3）疑问词：引导特殊疑问句3、主语从句：用一句话充当主语it作形式主语4、同位语从句：名词后的that从句（二）定语从句1、先行词1）定义：被定语从句修饰的词、短语或句子2）如何判断先行词：根据定语从句的结构或意思定语从句的结构：指谓语动词的形式的单复数2、关系词：分为关系代词和关系副词关系代词：that、which、who、whom、whose、as、than关系副词：when、where、why1）that：指代人或物2）which：指代物或句子3）whose：指代人或物的所有格4）as：非限制性定语从句：指代主句，位置随意3、省略关系词当关系词在从句中不作主语时，可以省略。尤其是关系词充当从句的宾语时。（三）状语从句1、时间：when、while、as、before、after、until2、原因：because、since、as、for3、条件：if、unless、as long as4、让步：although、while、even if、even though5、目的：that、in order that、to the extent that6、结果：that7、比较：as、than8、方式：as9、地点：where 三、动词（一）非谓语动词1、作用：充当名词、修饰名词2、分类、形式及特征不定式：to do 将来；主动动名词：doing 现在；主动过去分词：done 过去；被冻 例：1999 阅读 P1 Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident. 独立主格：公式：（With+）主语1+非谓语，主语2+谓语。 例：2003 P3 Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. （二）虚拟语气1、if从句：时态倒退主句：would、should、could、might+动词从句 主句过去 had done would have done现在 did（were） would do将来 did（were） would dowere to doshould do 过去： 例1：2003 阅读 P1 Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. 例2：1995 完形 50 The rats develop bacterial infections of the blood, ____ their immune systems — the self-protecting mechanism against disease — had crashed. A. if B. as if C. only if D. if only 例3：2008 翻译 47 He asserted also that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded