《汉译英教程.docxVIP

Course descriptionThis is a course to give the students a general introduction to the natures of C-E translation, the basic methods or skills of C-E Translation. Many exercises are done in class and outside class so as to train students’ ability of translation, hoping that, at the end of the course, the students can have a practical understanding of how to do C-E translation, and achieve the translation level suggested by English Major’s teaching outline, that is, to translate 250-300 words per hour with the translation being faithful, smooth, and readable.第一讲汉英语言对比The concepts of parataxis hypotaxis;Parataxis hypotaxis in English and Chinese;Parataxis hypotaxis in E-C and C-E translationThe concepts of parataxis hypotaxis1、英语重物称，汉语重人称；英语重静态，汉语重动态；英语重被动，汉语重主动；英语重主语，汉语重主题等；2、英汉语最重要的区别是英语重形parataxis汉语重意合hypotaxis3、形合（parataxis ）：The dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses with connectives; e.g. I shall despair if you don’t come.(用连接词体现分句之间的依附或从属关系的结构，如：我会很失望如果你不来。)4、意合（hypotaxis）： The arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them; e.g. The rain fell; the river flooded; the house was washed away.分句之间不靠关联词而依仗次序来体现相互关系，如：下雨了，河水泛滥，冲毁了房屋)1、“中国语里多用意合法，联结成分并非必须；西文多用形合法，联结成分在大多数情况下是不可缺少的”。--王力2、英语重形合，意思是指英语语言符号之间有较强的逻辑关系，语言信息的表达依靠符号按一定的语法逻辑关系排列组合，通过各种有形的联结手段来传达一定的意思。3、英语词汇中就有通过词的形式变化，如派生词、名词复数形式、动词的各种时态形式和人称代词格的形式，来表示意义的变化。在句子结构上，句子的各个成分要由各种连接词（and,but,because,so,etc.）、介词（of, with, in,etc.），关系词（who,when,where,which,that, how,etc.）和状语功能的分词结构（-ed和-ing）等连接起来，句子组织严密，层次紧紧扣接，呈现空间性树形结构。例如：--What is equally questionable is whether a college degree, as such, is proper evidence that those new skills that are truly neededwill be delivered.4、相比之下，汉语重意合结构比较松散，很少用连接词，多用小句。句子简洁明快，干净利落，句子结构呈流散铺排式。例如：车未停稳，切勿上下。近闻夫人健康如常，颇感欣慰。It is a supreme comfort to me when I am informed that you are as healthy as ever. 亡羊补牢，犹未为晚。 It is not too late to mend the fold even after some sheep have been lost风住了，路上还很静，我走着，一面想，几乎不敢想到