构词法(compounding)（仅供参考）.ppt

A. word class of the compounding elements n.+n.( ashtray, hydrogen bomb, bar code), adj.+n. (blueprint, dark-room, hard disc, deadline), adv.+n. (downtown, upgrade, undercloth;), -ing+n. (chewing gum, reading lamp, leading article, ) n.+ -ing (sightseeing, daydreaming). v.+n. (swearword, breakwater, driveway) n.+v. (nightfall, toothpick, water supply ) v. + adv. (show-off, put-off, follow-up) adv. + v. (outlet, upset, down fall, upstart, onflow) B. Syntactic relations of the compounding elements: daydreaming, sightseeing n + v-ing daydreaming= dreams during the day, i.e. verb + adverbial. sightseeing= sees sights, i.e. verb + object? a. sub. and v.: heartbeat, crybaby, commanding officer, revolving door, rainfall b. v. and obj.: pickpocket, birth control, dressmaking, housekeeping c. v. and adv.: swimming pool, diving board, drinking cup, typing paper , walking stick d. Sub. and obj.: Steamboat, honeybee, power plant e. Restrictive relation (the 1st element restricts/modifies the meaning of 2nd): : Raindrop, tablecloth, ashtray; breakfast time, safety-belt f. Appositive relation: a peasant girl; a pine tree, a girlfriend, string compound dead-letter office; test-tube baby; commanders-in-chief; bread-and-butter; give-and-take; come-and-go; hide-and-seek Compound nouns can also be formed from phrasal verbs. sit-in, dropout, phone-in, breakdown, walk-ons, walkout, setback; take-off A. word class of the compounding elements a. with adj. at the end n. + adj. fat-free, toll-free, care-free, dust-free, dog-tired, home-sick, world famous, tone-deaf, lifelong adj. + adj. wet-cold, icy-cold, red-hot, light-blue, bitter-sweet -ing + adj. smoking-hot, soaking-wet, freezing-cold, biting-cold adv. + adj. ever-victorious, over-cautious, all-round word class of the compounding elements b. with v. at the end n. + -ing peace-loving, time-saving, ocean-going n. + -ed heart-felt, air-borne, home-made, book-filled, poverty-stricken adj/adv. + -ing easy