岳阳市第十四中学2011年高考英语书面表达指导.docVIP

岳阳市第十四中学2011年高考英语书面表达指导 编写人：胡章梅 解读考标：书面表达要求考生根据所给提示与要求进行书面表达。考生应能： 在一定的语境中准确使用英语语法和词汇； 使用一定词汇和句型，清楚连贯地用英语表达自己的意思； 根据所读短文进行转述或摘要； 用英语恰当地表达自己的情感、态度和价值观。 其中对写作的要求为：考生应根据提示用英语写一篇不少于120词的短文。要求语法正确，语意连贯，条理清楚，结构完整，文体恰当。 第一步：写一个完整的简单句。 写文章首先要学会写句子，而句子是由一个个的单词构成的。要学会写句子，就要了解句子中的单词的词类。英语中的10大词类在句子中分别起不同的作用或充当不同的句子成分。 一、英语10大词类功能一览表 词类 在句中的主要功能 例句 名词 n. 主语、宾语、宾补、表语、定语 This glass works lies in our city. 代词 pron. 主语、宾补、表语、定语 All of our teachers respect us. 动词 v. 谓语、宾补、表语 The teacher lets us do it again. 形容词 adj. 表语、定语、状语、补语 This pretty girl thinks it right. 副词 adv. 定语（表方位的词）、状语 The workers here work very hard. 数词 nu. 主语、宾语、表语、定语 Three of them are eighteen now. 介词 prep. “介词+宾语”句中做定语或状语 The girl of ten came here by bike. 连词 conj. 连接两个或两个以上的简单句 He was reading when I came in. 冠词 art. 主要修饰名词或少数形容词 A young man often helps the poor. 感叹词 int. 表示喜怒哀乐，在句中加强语气 Heavens! How silly you are! 二、词类使用中的10种常见错误 1. 错把形容词当名词 误：Everybody likes beautiful. 正：Everybody likes beauty. 2.错把动词当名词 误：With the develop of science and technology, we live better and better. 正：With the development of science and technology, we live better and better. 3.错把形容词当动词 误：Don’t afraid. Your mother is beside you. 正：Don’t be afraid. Your mother is beside you. 4.错把介词当连词 误：With time goes on, we have learned more and more. 正：As time goes on, we have learned more and more. 5.错把数词当名词 误：There are about seven hundreds students on the sports ground. 正：There are about seven hundred students on the sports ground. 6.错把副词当连词 误：The girl often helps me, even she is very busy. 正：The girl often helps me, even if she is very busy. 7.错把形容词、介词当动词 误：Mr Zhang very busy today. He not in the office. 正：Mr Zhang is very busy today. He is not in the office. 8.错把不可数名词当可数名词 误：Don’t plant a tree in such a bad weather. 正：Don’t plant a tree in such bad weather. 9.错把及物动词当不及物动词 误：When Mother came in, I seated in front of the TV set. 正：When Mother came in, I was seated (was sitting)in front of the TV set. 10.错把系动词当助动词 误：Class is begin. Why not s