CET4词汇训练CET4词汇训练.doc

CET4基础词组训练 I. 常见词缀（affix: prefix suffix）和合成词（compound words） 1.名词词缀 -bility 表示“能力、可能性”等，能接在如：stable, avail, capable, visible, responsible, flexible等词后面，或接在以-able结尾的词语后面。 但：hospitable (好客的): hospitality。 -age 表示“状态、境况、费用”等，如：marriage, leakage, drainage, pupilage, postage, wastage. -dom 表示“职位、地位、状态”等，如：kingdom, wisdom, officialdom, freedom. -hood 表示“时期、品性”等，如：childhood, neighborhood, adulthood, motherhood, knighthood. -ism 表示“主义、学说、制度、特性”等，如：socialism, heroism, terrorism, pessimism, optimism, alcoholism, racism. -ship 表示“…之间的关系、身份”等，如：friendship, sportsmanship, leadership, ownership, championship, relationship. -ion 表示“…行为的结果、过程、状态”等，多接在动词后面。 -ity/-ry/-ty 表示“程度、性质、状态”等，可接在prosper, equal, formal, major, bribe, brave, loyal, cruel, penal等之后. -ance/-ence 表示“性质、程度、状况”等，多接在动词之后。 -ness, -ment, -ure 接在动词或形容词之后，通常构成抽象名词。 -or/-er/-ee/-eer/-ess 接在动词后，构成动作的发起人。如：engineer, employer, employee, trainer, trainee, interviewer, interviewee, profiteer, mountaineer, actor actress, host hostess, prince princess. -ful 构成名词，表示“充满了…东西”，如：handful, mouthful, bagful, spoonful, bowlful. Dirty words four-letter words shit 2. 形容词词缀 -ful 表示“充满…东西的、有…倾向的” -ly 加在名词后表示“象…的、每隔…时间发生一次的”，如：friendly, brotherly, manly, scholarly, weekly, hourly, yearly, monthly. -ed 这一类形容词，通常表示被动含义。如：I am exhausted. She is very excited. Mary is indebted to your help. -ing 这一类形容词，通常表示主动含义， 如：The task is exhausting. The news is very exciting. The evidence is convincing. -ive 表示“具有…性质的、具有…倾向的、…方面多的、突出的” -able 表示“具有…能力的、能够的 ” eg: The professor did ___ research before writing the article. exhausting B. exhausted C. exhaustive D. executed eg: She is very ___ to others’ ridicule. A. sensitive B. sensible C. sensuous D. sentimental -ic/-ical 表示“具有…特点的”(通常带有褒义，指：好的美的)， poetic（象诗一般美丽的）, classic/classical（一流的、经典的）, historic（有历史意义的、重要的）, historical (历史上的)， economic(经济的、经济学的), economical(节约的、俭省的). eg1: Being ___ of money, she managed to save enough for a holiday. eg2: T