[动词的时态和语态.docxVIP

专题七动词的时态和语态考点精讲1．过去进行时过去进行时主要用来表达过去某个时间正在进行的行为或正存在的状态。(1)表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作，常与表示过去时间的状语then, at that moment, at that time, this time yesterday等连用。What were you doing this time last night?昨天晚上这个时候你在做什么?He was writing a book last year, but I dont know if he has finished it.他去年在写一本书，我不知他现在是否已经完成。(2)表示从过去某一时间的角度看将要发生的动作。常表示过去“渐渐，快要、越来越、马上”，常见的此类动词有come, go, start, begin, leave, arrive, get, become, turn等非持续性动词。偶尔有些持续性动词，如：do, stay, take等常表示过去“将要”。We were running out of the gas.我们的汽油快用光了。She told me that she was leaving for Italy the next day.她告诉我第二天就出发到意大利。(3)过去进行时与always, forever, constantly等时间状语连用时，表示说话者过去对某一事情的厌烦，不耐烦，褒扬等特殊情感。She was always ringing me up when l was in London.我在伦敦时她总不停地给我打电话。(表示厌烦)Joy was always complaining about her busy life.乔伊总不停地抱怨自己工作繁忙。(表示不耐烦)She was always helping others when she lived here.她住在这里时总是乐于帮助别人。(表示褒扬)2．现在完成时现在完成时主要用来表示完成某事或某一动作持续到现在的状态。(1)表示说话时已经做完了某事。常与already, yet, now, just, by this time, so far等时间状语连用。I have already finished all the work.我已经做完了所有的工作。Janet has tidied up her study room.詹妮特已经清理好了自己的书房。Mr Smith has just left.史密斯先生刚走了。(2)表示过去的某一动作或行为一直持续到现在。动作发生在过去，但一直持续到现在，并有可能继续持续下去。常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：all my life, all the time, all day, up to now, so far, in the past years, (ever) since then, (ever) since last year, since two years ago, (ever) since, for a long time等。I have lived in this city all my life.我一辈子都住在这里。Molly went to Japan last year. And I havent heard from her ever since.莫丽去年去的日本。自那以后我就再也没有收到她的来信。(3)在时间、条件等从句中，代替将来完成时。You shouldnt get off the bus until it has stopped.等车完全停止才能下车。Once you have promised，you should keep it.一旦许下诺言，务必遵守。题解考点We __________ on our project day and night in the past two weeks. (2010年上海春招)A. had worked B. have workedC. will be working D. has been advised解题点悟B 句意：在过去的两个星期里，我们夜以继日地做那个项目。“in the past/ last+一段时间”意为“在过去的……里”，与现在完成时连用，故选B。3．过去完成时过去完成时主要用来指过去某一特定时间以前就完成的行为。(1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。这个过去的时刻常用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。By the end of yesterday, we had rec