[foundationsofmanagement中英.doc

Foundations of management In a short essay, discuss the difference between efficiency and effectiveness and include a specific example to support each concept. P9 Efficiency: getting the most output from the least amount of input. Effectiveness: completing activities so that organization goals are attained. The difference between the efficiency and effectiveness is that efficiency referrers to ‘doing things right’, while effectiveness is ‘dong the right things’. e.g.: efficiency: at a factory where employees make X-ray equipment, efficient manufacturing techniques were implemented by doing things such as cutting inventory levels, decreasing the amount of time to manufacture products and lowering products reject rates. These efficient works reduce the cost and rewarded by industry week’s. From this perspective, efficiency is referred to ‘doing thing right’. Effectiveness: as the factory just now mentioned, at this factory, goals included reducing equipment installation time for customers and make the working environment more comfortable. Through various work program, these goals were pursued and achievement. Whereas efficiency is concerned with the means of getting things done, effectiveness is concerned with the ends. 　1。在一篇短文,讨论区别的效率和有效性,包括具体的实例支援每次的概念。P9 　　功效:获得最大的输出从最少的输入。 　　功效:完成的活动,以使组织目标的实现。 　　区别是效率和效益的查阅效率,而把事情做对的效果是“东正确的事情”。 　　例如:效率:员工,使工厂的x射线仪器、高效生产技术做事实施如切割库存,减少大量的时间来生产产品,降低产品废弃物率。这些高效工作降低成本和奖励每周工业。从这个角度看,效率是指把事情做对的”。 　　功效:为工厂刚才提到,在这个工厂,包括减少目标设备安装时间为用户服务,使工作环境更舒适。通过各种各样的工作程序,这些目标都被追赶和成就。而有效关注的工具,该做的事、有效性关心的是结束。 In a short essay, list and explain the four basic functions of management.P11 Answers: planning: defining goals, establishing strategies for achieving those goals and developing plans to integrate and coordinate activities. Organization: determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom and where decisions are to be made. Leading: motivating subordinates, influencing individuals or teams