外文翻译-中英.docVIP

窗体顶端 外文翻译 1.1 Earthquake Background Earthquake is a high risk natural disaster which costs injuries and casualties as well as the damages to the infrastructures. It has an ability to deform the earth surfaces thus causing destructions to buildings on it 1.2 Earthquake Phenomenon Earthquake happens when there is an earth crust movement due to folding crust. When the earthquake occurs, the soil and crust move randomly to directions. Earthquake happens actually numerous times in a day but the earthquake that affects the most and has great magnitude is seldom to occur, nevertheless once in several years. According to the tectonic plate theory, the earth surface is divided into several rigid crusts. They move in such ways, colliding or apart from each other. When the crusts collide, one of them will subdue under one another and the sliding crusts will generate energy. This movement will take years and peoples on it will never aware of this activity and it actually takes only several centimeters in a year. Each time the couple crusts move and slip with each other, it increase and accumulate the energy in the substances around it like rocks. Finally the energy itself will exceed the rock strength, thus make the rocks to move or explode. The exploding rocks will later cause the earthquake means once the earthquake occurs, the forces are subsided. The earthquake magnitude is measured in Richter Scale. A great earthquake is categorized as an earthquake with magnitude of 5.0 and above which surely causes damage to structures. The point where the earthquake origins is called focus or hypocenter which determined by seismic assessment. Earthquake starts with a small shaking followed by a sudden increase of shaking intensity. The small shake is called foreshock, while the great shaking is called mainshock and the rest is called aftershock. A great earthquake usually not done with only one shake, the shakings will remain to happen but there will only t