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When scientific discoveries hit the news they are rarely as simple as the headlines suggest. They usually do not mention the years of work that lie behind the discoveries. The reports also do little to help us realize that science seldom provides answers that are final and beyond challenge. 科学发现成为新闻时，很少如新闻标题所显示的那么简单。新闻标题通常只字不提科学发现背后的长年努力。新闻报道也很少帮助我们认识到，科学绝少提供最终的、经得住挑战的答案。 How to Make Sense Out of Science 如 何 理 解 科 学 David H. LevyR T 大卫·H·利维 1. New Drugs Kill Cancer新药灭癌 Devastation by El Nino ─ a Warning厄尔·尼诺现象将带来毁灭——一则警告 6:30 p.m. October 26, 2028: Could This Be the Deadline for the Apocalypse? 2028年10月26日下午6:30：世界末日的最后期限？ 2. When these headlines appeared this year, their stories became the subjects of conversations around the world ─ talks spiced with optimism and confusion. Imagine the hopes raised in the millions battling cancer. Did the news mean these people never had to worry about cancer again? Or that we all had to worry about a catastrophe from outer space or, more immediately, from El Nino? 这些标题于今年见诸报端时，这类新闻便成为全世界的话题——既掺有乐观又带来混乱的话题。想像一下这些新闻为成千上万与癌症抗争的人们所带来的希望。这些新闻是否意味着这些人再也不用为癌症担忧呢？还是说我们所有的人都得为来自外层空间的大祸，或者更近一点，为厄尔·尼诺现象造成的灾难而忧心忡忡呢？ 3. Unfortunately, science doesnt work that way. It rarely arrives at final answers. People battling cancer or victims of El Nino may find this frustrating, but the truth is that Nature does not yield her secrets easily. Science is done step by step. First an idea is formed. Then this is tested by an experiment. The outcome, one hopes, results in an increase in knowledge. 不幸的是，科学并非这般运作。科学极少提供最终的答案。与癌症搏斗的人们或厄尔·尼诺现象的受害者也许会觉得这太令人沮丧，但事实是，大自然并不轻易袒露其奥秘。科学研究是一步一步进行的，首先要有一个构想，然后用实验检验这个构想，人们希望其结果能成