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3 A Vision of Responsible Research and Innovation3 A Vision of Responsible Research and Innovation.docx

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3 A Vision of Responsible Research and Innovation3 A Vision of Responsible Research and Innovation

3A Vision of Responsible Research and InnovationResponsible research and innovation (RRI) has become an increasingly important phrase within policy narratives, in particular in Europe, where it will be a cross-cutting issue under the prospective European Union (EU) Framework Programme for Research and Innovation “Horizon 2020.”负责任研究与创新（RRI）已经日益成为政策叙述中的一个重要提法，尤其是在欧洲，这将是未来的欧盟（EU）研究与创新“地平线2020”计划框架下的一个跨领域的问题。In EU member states there are also various initiatives supporting RRI, notably under schemes of national research councils (e.g., the United Kingdom, Norway, and the Netherlands).在欧盟的成员国中也有各种支持负责任研究与创新的倡议，尤其是在国际研究会议的体制下（例如：英国、挪威和荷兰。）However, there is as yet no agreed definition of the concept, and thoughts on how it should be implemented vary.然而，现在对这一概念还没有一致的定义，并且关于它将如何实施的观点也不尽相同。This chapter outlines a vision behind RRI, taking a largely European policy perspective.本章在很大程度上采取了欧洲政策的观点，概述了一种RRI背后的愿景。It provides a definition of the concept and proposes a broad framework for its implementation under research and innovation schemes around the world.它为这一概念下了一种定义，并且建立了其在全世界研究与创新体制中能够实施的一个广阔的框架结构。I will make the case that RRI should be understood as a strategy of stakeholders to become mutually responsive to each other, anticipating research and innovation outcomes aimed at the grand challenges of our time, for which they share responsibility.我会让RRI被理解为是利益相关者为了彼此之间相互照应的一种策略，预期研究与创新的成果以我们时代的重大难题为目标，为此他们共同承担责任的一种情况。Research and innovation processes need to become more responsive and adaptive to these grand challenges. 研究与创新的过程需要对这些重大的挑战更加敏感，并适应它们。This implies, among others, the introduction of broader foresight and impact assessments for new technologies, beyond their anticipated market-benefits and risks.除此之外，这暗示了引入更广泛的远见和新技术的效果评估，这些超过了他们预期的市场效益和风险。3.1 Introduction: Technical Inventions, Innovation, and Responsibility3.1 介绍：技术发明、创新与责任In order to be able to specify the “responsibility” in RRI, I contrast the process of modern innovations with mere technical inventions.为了能