OBTL,Outcome-based Teaching and Learning.docVIP

OUTCOMES-BASED TEACHING AND LEARNING (OBTL) 基于成果的教学模式（OBTL） What is it, Why is it, How do we make it work? 什么是OBTL，它为什么是这样的，我们怎样让它发挥作用？ John Biggs Catherine Tang TO BE READ BEFORE DOING THE PRE-WORKSHOP EXERCISES 做前期研讨会练习之前先阅读 What is OBTL and how does it differ from “traditional” teaching and assessment? 什么是OBTL，它与“传统的”教学和评估有什么不同？ Traditionally, teachers used to plan their teaching by asking such questions as: What topics or content do I teach? What teaching methods do I use? How do I assess to see if the students have taken on board what I have taught them? 传统的教学模式，老师们一般通过问这样的一些问题来准备他们的教学：我教什么主题或内容？我使用是什么教学方法？我采用什么评估方法来评价学生是否掌握了我所教给他们的内容？ Teaching here is conceived as a process of transmitting content to the students, so the methods tend to be expository, and assessment focused on checking how well the message has been received—hence the common use of lectures and demonstrations, with tutorials for clarification, and exams that rely on reporting back. 这里的教学被看做是给学生传输内容的一个过程，所以往往是解释性的方法，并且评估的时候主要检查信息是否被很好的接收——因此，因此常用的讲课和演示就以教程的形式来讲授，并且考试主要依据于汇报。 OBTL, on the other hand, is based on such questions as: What do I intend my students to be able to do after my teaching that they couldn’t do before, and to what standard? How do I supply learning activities that will help them achieve those outcomes? How do I assess them to see how well they have achieved them? 而另一方面，在OBTL的教学准备中，教师需要思考的是：教学结束后，学生和学习之前比将掌握哪些新知识和技能？在教学的过程中我如何提供一些学习支持性的活动帮助他们自主达到学习目标，取得学习成果？如何帮助学生制定具体的、可量化、易操作的评估标准，使学生在学习过程中能有效的自我评估和自我监控？ As its name suggests, OBTL starts with clearly stating, not what the teacher is going to teach, but what the outcome of that teaching is intended to be in the form of a statement of what the learner is supposed to be able to do and at what standard: the Intended Learning Outcome (ILO). When students attend lectures, however, their main activity is receiving, not doing. Hence we need to devise Teaching and Learning Activities (TLAs) that require stu