microrna靶基因研究.docVIP

microrna靶基因研究 MicroRNAs (miRNAs)是一种大小约21—23个碱基的单链小分子RNA，是由具有发夹结构的约70-90个碱基大小的单链RNA前体经过dicer酶加工后生成，不同于siRNA（双链）但是和siRNA密切相关。据推测，这些非编码小分子RNA（miRNAs）参与调控基因表达，但其机制区别于siRNA介导的mRNA降解。第一个被确认的miRNA是在线虫中首次发现的lin-4 和let-7，随后多个研究小组在包括人类、果蝇、植物等多种生物物种中鉴别出数百个miRNAs。　　最早被发现的两个miRNAs——lin-4 and let-7被认为是通过不完全互补结合到目标靶mRNA 3’非编码区端，以一种未知方式诱发蛋白质翻译抑制，进而抑制蛋白质合成，阻断mRNA的翻译。多个果蝇miRNAs也被发现和他们的目标靶mRNAs的3’非编码区有部分同源。由于miRNAs和其潜在的目标靶之间并非完全互补，这使得通过信息学的方法鉴定miRNA的目标靶位点变得困难。因而也无法确定miRNAs的作用方式是什么，以何种机制影响mRNA的翻译，以何种方式调控基因表达。miRNAs的作用目标靶和活性机制一直是各地的研究人员的关注热点。 总结了一些microrna靶基因方法的比较重要的文献，与大家共享。 () Combinatorial microRNA target predictions Azra Krek HYPERLINK /ng/journal/v37/n5/full/ng1536.html \l a1 \o affiliated with 1, HYPERLINK /ng/journal/v37/n5/full/ng1536.html \l a2 \o affiliated with 2, HYPERLINK /ng/journal/v37/n5/full/ng1536.html \l a4 \o affiliated with 4, Dominic Grün HYPERLINK /ng/journal/v37/n5/full/ng1536.html \l a1 \o affiliated with 1, HYPERLINK /ng/journal/v37/n5/full/ng1536.html \l a4 \o affiliated with 4, Matthew N Poy HYPERLINK /ng/journal/v37/n5/full/ng1536.html \l a3 \o affiliated with 3, HYPERLINK /ng/journal/v37/n5/full/ng1536.html \l a4 \o affiliated with 4, Rachel Wolf HYPERLINK /ng/journal/v37/n5/full/ng1536.html \l a1 \o affiliated with 1, Lauren Rosenberg HYPERLINK /ng/journal/v37/n5/full/ng1536.html \l a1 \o affiliated with 1, Eric J Epstein HYPERLINK /ng/journal/v37/n5/full/ng1536.html \l a3 \o affiliated with 3, Philip MacMenamin HYPERLINK /ng/journal/v37/n5/full/ng1536.html \l a1 \o affiliated with 1, Isabelle da Piedade HYPERLINK /ng/journal/v37/n5/full/ng1536.html \l a1 \o affiliated with 1, Kristin C Gunsalus HYPERLINK /ng/journal/v37/n5/full/ng1536.html \l a1 \o affiliated with 1, Markus Stoffel HYPERLINK /ng/journal/v37/n5/full/ng1536.html \l a3 \o affiliated with 3 Nikolaus Rajewsky HYPERLINK /ng/journal/v37/n5/full/ng1536.html \l a1 \o affiliated with 1 Abstract MicroRNAs are small noncod