第18章 生产要素市场.pptVIP

劳动的需求 劳动市场 决定于供求 劳动需求 派生需求 劳动服务 = 其他产品的投入 * ? 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or 服务 or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 图 1 * ? 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or 服务 or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 供给与需求的多功能性 Wage of apple pickers Price of apples 供给与需求的基本工具适用于物品与劳动服务。(a)幅表示苹果的供给与需求如何决定苹果的价格。(b)幅表示摘苹果工人的供给与需求如何决定摘苹果工人的工资。 Quantity of apples 0 (a) The market for apples Quantity of apple pickers 0 (b) The market for apple pickers Supply Demand Q P Supply Demand L W 劳动的需求 对于竞争企业的假设 企业在两个市场都是竞争的 对于物品和劳动 价格接受者 支付市场工资 取得物品的市场价格 决策 物品出售的数量 劳动的雇佣量 企业是利润最大化的 * ? 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or 服务 or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 劳动的需求 生产函数 生产一种物品的投入量与产量之间的关系 随着投入量增加趋向平缓 * ? 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or 服务 or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 劳动的需求 劳动的边际产量(MPL) 产出的数量增加 来自额外一单位劳动 边际生产递减 投入的边际产量递减 随着投入量的增加 解释了生产函数的形状 * ? 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or 服务 or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 表 1 * ? 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain pr