英语翻译chapter3.pptVIP

Chapter III Translation Skill- Extension(引申)： 前一章中讨论了词义的选择。应该说，在翻译过程中，绝大部分单词都已具备了所需的词义，只要用上面的方法去选，把恰当的词义选出来就行了。但也有一部分单词，翻译时在英语字典中找不到恰当的词义或其词面意义不足以确切的表达原意，需要把词义引申一下才能确切表达。这种情况叫词义引申。需要引申的可能是单词、词组或整个句子。下面讨论一下引申的方法和引申的注意点。 I Definition Extension means developing the original meaning either from specific to general or from concrete to abstract, and vice versa II From concrete to abstract (from specific to general )从具体到抽象 bottleneck=瓶颈---交通狭口---阻塞； brain trust=脑托拉斯---智囊团； brain drain=脑排干---人才外流---人才流失； 1 将表示具体的形象的词译成该形象所代表的属性： 例1：There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the imperialists. 解析：这里的tiger(老虎）和ape(猿）这两个具体形象引申为这两个形象所代表的属性：“残暴”和“狡猾”。 译文：帝国主义者的性格既残暴、又狡猾。 　　　 2　将带有特征性形象的词译成该形象所代表的概念的词： 例2：See-sawing between partly good and faintly ominous, the news for the next four weeks was never distinct. 解析：See-sawing是see-saw(跷跷板)转化而来的动词，本作“玩跷跷板”解，这里却要根据上下文来加以引申。 译文：在那以后的四个星期内，消息时而部分有所好转，时而又有点不妙，两种情况不断地交替出现，一直没有明朗化。 1) Every life has its roses and thorns. 2) Electric power became the servant of man only after the motor was invented. 3) The invention of machinery had brought into the world a new age- the Industrial Age. Money had become king. 4) George bush bares the iron teeth behind his smile 5) The use of nanometer technology is still in its infancy now. 6) We would like to build a colorblind society where all men can have full opportunity. 7) The electrical age has been with us for many years. 8) We are at the dawn of space age and, it seems, yesterday’s fantasies will be tomorrow’s reality. 9) It is universally accepted that only those who master the mathematical ideas and reasoning become the father of science. III From the general to specific (from the abstract to concrete) 1 将抽象概念或属性的词具体化：　 例3：While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.　(99年真题）　 　　 解析：practice如译成