2 第二讲 中国-共-产-党的起源 Origins of the Chinese Revolution.pptVIP

The Origins of the CCP China From Revolution Through Socialism Lecture 2 Zhengxu Wang Associate Professor University of Nottingham Origins of Chinese Revolution The Fall of the Ancien Regime The Social Causes The Intellectual Origins The Nationalism The end of imperial China and the 1911 revolution Three Phrases Decline (1840--) Opium War and the fall of the dynasty Crisis (1894-1901) The Sino-Japan War of 1894 The Allied Force Invasion Respite (1901-1911) Reform attempted Revolution (1911-1912) From Dynastic Crisis to Republican Revolution Crisis of sovereignty and national pride Perceived failure of Qing/Manchu dynasty to stand up for China’s interests against imperialist powers Anti-Manchu revolutionaries include Sun Yatsen’s Tongmenghui (Revolutionary Alliance), founded 1905 in Japan Led successful military uprising in Wuhan, October 1911 Last emperor abdicated Feb 1912 after provinces seceded from Qing rule The early Chinese republic under Yuan Shikai Sun’s progressive but vaguely defined programme of 3 People’s Principles: nationalism, democracy, people’s livelihood Tongmenghui (now Guomindang (GMD), Nationalist Party), won 1912 elections But former Qing general Yuan Shikai became President, not Sun Yuan abandoned attempts at democratic parliamentary government, ruling as dictator until his death in 1916; warlordism followed The New Culture Movement Away from discredited parliament, intellectual and cultural ferment continued among Chinese youth – New Culture Movement Prepared to jettison Chinese past, Confucian traditions, to save China 1915-1919: WW1 and the May 4 Movement New Culture develops into May Fourth Movement Japanese threat to China during WW1 – took German concession in Shandong province; presented 21 Demands to Yuan Shikai’s government early 1915 Popular reaction: biggest ever anti-Japanese boycotts, elite nationalism becomes mass phenomenon 1917: China into WW1 to recover Shandong, by gaining seat at Versailles peace talks But Versai