马铃薯加工产品硒含量及加工中硒分布特性研究.docxVIP

马铃薯加工产品硒含量及加工中硒分布特性研究杨德平（恩施职业技术学院生物工程系，湖北?恩施?445000）摘要：[目的]探究马铃薯块茎在加工中微量元素硒的分布特性，为生产开发富硒马铃薯产品提供理论和实践依据。[方法]选择高硒土壤中生产的马铃薯块茎，按传统工艺加工薯片和淀粉，测定加工产品和副产品含硒量，分析硒回收率和流失率 。[结果] 以蒸汽加热方式脱水加工薯片硒回收率较高，达到39.63%，比水煮脱水加工薯片高近5%，但有超过60%的硒流失；加工的淀粉含硒量只有原料块茎鲜基含硒量的9%，淀粉加工硒回收率仅为13.91%。[结论] 通过传统的加工工艺不可能生产出富硒马铃薯淀粉；加工富硒马铃薯薯片也有必要改进传统的加工工艺。关键词：马铃薯，富硒，淀粉，薯片。中图分类号：S532???????文献标识码：AStudy on the selenium content of potato processed products and the distribution of selenium in processingYang Deping(Dpartment of bioengineering,Enshi Technical College,hubei Enshi 445000)Abstract:[Objective]In order to provide theoretical and practical basis for the production and development of Selenium_enriched potato products,to explore the distribution characteristics of trace element selenium in the processing potato tuber.[Method]To select potato tubers produced in high selenium soil, and processed into potato chips and amylum in the traditional way, Then determine the selenium content of the products and by-products, analyze the selenium recovery rate and loss rate.[result] The recovery rate of selenium was higher when the steam heating method was used for the processing, nearly 5 percent higher than the delydration by boiling water,which reached 39.63%,but there are still more than 60% of the selenium was lost,the selenium content of starch is only 9% of the amount of selenium in the tubers,and the recovery rate of the processing is only 13.91%. [conclusion]Selenium_enriched potato amylum could not produce by traditional processing technology, the processing of selenium_enriched potato chips is also necessary to improve the traditional processing technology. Keywords: potato， Selenium_enrichment, amylum, potato chips.?0 引言马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum）属茄科（Solanaceae）茄属（Solanum），块茎富含淀粉、蛋白质、多种维生素和矿质养分，是一种粮、菜、饲料及工业原料兼用型高产高效作物。马铃薯加工的产品很多，产业链长，加工增值十分显著。我国是世界上马铃薯种植面积最大的国家，总产量大约占全世界1/5 [1—2]。硒作为人体必需的微量元素与人体健康关系密切。研究表明：硒具有增强免于力、防癌、抗衰老、预防心血管疾病、维持正常生育功能等作用；很多地方病如克山病、大骨节病、克汀病等都与人体硒元素的缺乏有关。我国是一个缺硒大国，有72%地区缺硒或少硒，2/3的人口存在不同程度的硒摄入量不