Mind Map -ischemic heart disease- MrJ.docVIP

Jingwei Wang 5718152 Coronary artery disease (CAD) aka Ischemic Heart Disease is a condition in which plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries. Coronary arteries?- supply the heart muscle with oxygen-rich blood. Plaque - fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substance found in the blood. ? - narrows the arteries; reduces blood flow to your heart muscle; blood clots in arteries; blood clots - oxygen-rich blood can’t reach the heart muscle - angina or a heart attack. Heart attack - serious problems and even death. Pathology Causes – -Injury to endothelium causing platelets adhere to endothelium - release of growth factors - Monocytes attach to endothelium and penetrate/ monocytes become macrophages - Smooth muscle cell proliferation and migrate from medial to intimal layer - Foam cells are formed migration to the intima smooth muscles with lipids form fatty streaks - Fibromuscular plaque fibromuscularlayer with cholesterol core Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors Arteriosclerosis natural changes in the intima, connective tissue, and diameter of artery an inflammatory response resulting in proliferation of arterial tissue wall Atherosclerosis - pathologic phenome non occurring in the coronary, carotid, iliac, and femoral arteries as well as the aorta (coronary artery disease) Diagnosis: Atherosclerosis - CAD /symptom No Atherosclerosis - Symptom X / by ECG or invasive technique Symptoms: Usually in sub-sternal region, jaw, neck, or arms, may also be in epigastrum and interscapular regions; pressure, heaviness, fullness, squeezing, burning, aching,choking, or even dyspnea Angina pectoris — pain caused by loss of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardial tissue; caused by significant atherosclerosis. sometimes grouped with MI under the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome. Three major forms: 1. stable: precipitated by effort, short duration, easily relieved, 2. unstable: longer lasting, more severe, may not be relieved by rest?