九年级英语三轮专题：阅读理解译林出版社知识精讲.docVIP

初三英语三轮专题：阅读理解译林出版社 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： 三轮专题：阅读理解 二. 教学目标： 中考阅读理解考查的主要内容及解题的方法和技巧 【具体教学过程】 考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。 这类试题要求对文章的整体或局部（如段落）进行分析、概括，归纳相关部分的中心大意(ain idea)，选择标题（title），判断作者的写作目的（purpose）等，旨在考查考生加工与浓缩信息的能力。 1. 题干表现形式： (1) Which is the best title of the passage? (2) Which of the following is this passage about? (3) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that______. (4) The passage tells us that______. (5) This passage mainly talks about_______. 2. 如何获取段落的主旨和大意？ 最有效的办法是找出主题句(Topic Sentence)。一篇文章（或一段文章）通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。因此，理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。在一篇短文或一个段落中，大部分主题句的情况有四种： （1）主题句在段首或篇首。 主题句在段首或篇首的情况相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说明文议论文大都采用先总述，后分述的叙事方法。 例如：xxx省英语中考试题阅读材料B的第一段： All living things on the earth need other living things to live. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group, and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind. Sometimes one living thing kills another, one eats and the other is eaten. Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they form a food chain(食物链). Some food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears. Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage? A. Animals B. Plants C. Food Chains D. Living Things （2）主题句在段末或篇末。 用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。这种位于段末或篇末的主题句往往是对前面细节的总结，归纳或结论。 例如：xxx省中考试题阅读材料A的最后一段： If you buy some well-made clothes, you can save money because they can last longer. They look good even after they have been washed many times. Sometimes some clothes cost more money, but it does not mean that they are always better made, or they always fit better. In other words, some less expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes. （3）主题句在短文中间 通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展。 例1：Just as I settle down to read or watch television, he demands that I play with him. If I get a telephone call, he screams in the background or knocks something o